•NRLF 


B    3    371    flMS 


REVISION 


OF   THE 


NORTH  AMERICAN  SPECIES 


OF   THE   GENUS 


LITHOCOLLETIS 


HUBNER. 


BY 


ANNETTE    F.f  BRAUN 


From  the  Biological  Laboratory  of  the  University  of  Cincinnati. 
1908. 


fflOLOGY  LIBRARY 


REVISION 


OF    THE 


NORTH  AMERICAN  SPECIES 


OF    THE    GENUS 


LITHOCOLLETIS 

HUBNER. 


BY 

ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN 


From  the  Biological  Laboratory  of  the  University  of  Cincinnati. 
1908. 


LiTC  I 


IJBRARY 


.BIOLOGY  LIBRARY 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  269 


PREFACE. 

In  the  present  revision,  the  American  species  of  the  genus 
Lithocolletis*  are  divided  into  several  natural  and  easily  definable 
groups,  based  upon  structural  differences,  not  sufficient,  however, 
to  warrant  the  establishment  of  new  genera. 

Of  necessity,  this  work  is  far  from  complete  ;  the  West  remains 
practically  unexplored,  and  it  is  to  be  expected  that  a  large  number 
of  species  are  still  awaiting  description.  It  is  hoped  that  this  syste- 
matic arrangement,  and  the  collection  of  scattered  descriptions, 
rendering  identification  less  difficult,  will  result  in  increased  effort 
on  the  part  of  those  having  an  opportunity  for  breeding  and  collect- 
ing in  little  known  regions. 

It  was  the  original  purpose  to  give  illustrations  of  every  species. 
The  plates  contain  figures  of  all  of  which  I  was  able  to  see  speci- 
mens. The  figures  were  in  all  cases  sketched  by  the  author  from 
authentic  specimens,  most  of  them  bred,  and  often  from  the  types 
themselves.  It  will  be  noticed,  however,  that  the  figures  of  six 
species  are  lacking :  of  one  of  these,  L.  alni  Wlsm.  (=  alnivorella 
Cham.),  I  have  seen  no  specimens  and  no  type  is'in  existence;  the 
types  of  the  other  five  are  in  the  possession  of  Lord  Walsingham, 
and  I  regret  that  my  efforts  to  secure  figures  of  these  have  been 
unsuccessful. 

In  a  number  of  cases,  where  the  original  descriptions  are  accu- 
rate and  have  proved  adequate  for  the  identification  of  the  species 
and  varieties,  the  original  is  reprinted.  Where  the  species  were 
described  in  German,  translations  following  as  closely  as  possible 
the  original  text  are  often  given.  In  these  cases,  I  have  added  my 
notes  collected  by  breeding  and  by  the  examination  of  additional 
specimens.  Where  the  original  description  might  have  proved  mis- 
leading through  peculiarities  of  the  specimen  described  or  through 
the  omission  of  certain  characteristics,  new  descriptions  are  printed. 
The  necessity  of  constant  reference  to  detached  fragments,  some- 

*  Lord  Walsingham,  in  the  "Microlepidoptera  of  Tenerife"  (Proc.  Zool.  Soc. 
Lond.,  976,  1907),  has  revived  the  name  Phyllonorycter  Hb.  for  this  genus. 

TKAN6.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.  XXXIV,  (34*)  SEPTEMBER,  1908. 


M177975 


270  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA. 

times  inaccessible,  has  also  been  a  reason  for- giving  new,  complete 
descriptions. 

Three  European  species,  formerly  included  in  our  fauna,  are 
omitted  in  the  present  revision,  viz. :  alniella  Zell.,  blancardella 
Fab.  and  faginella  Zell.  There  is  no  authentic  record  of  an  Ameri- 
can specimen  of  alniella;  blancardella  was  included  in  our  lists  on 
*  the  ground  of  the  supposed  synonomy  of  Clemens'  cratcegella  with 
this  species ;  the  occurrence  of  faginella  was  based  upon  the  deter- 
mination by  Lord  Walsingham  of  a  specimen  in  Dr.  Riley's  collec- 
tion. An  examination  of  this  specimen  in  the  National  Museum 
discloses  the  fact  that  although  a  closely  related  species,  it  is  very 
distinct  from  the  true  faginella  of  Europe. 

In  many  cases,  where  species  feed  upon  plants  having  a  wide  dis- 
tribution, and  are  known  to  occur  in  widely  separated  localities,  it 
is  probable  that  the  range  of  the  species  coincides  with  that  of  its 
food  plant,  and  no  specific  localities  have  been  given  for  such  spe- 
cies. This  is  especially  true  where  the  distribution  of  the  food  plant 
covers  the  territory  included  in  the  Alleghanian,  Carolinian  and 
Austroriparian  areas,  the  "Atlantic  States"  of  Dyar's  List. 

My  thanks  are  due  to  Mr.  W.  D.  Kearfott  for  the  loan  of  a  large 
number  of  specimens  with  notes  on  their  life  history,  for  literature 
upon  the  genus,  and  for  the  encouragement  and  assistance  which 
have  made  my  work  possible. 

To  Dr.  Edward  Meyrick  of  Maryborough,  England,  to  whose 
consideration  the  proposed  division  of  the  genus  was  submitted,  I 
arn  indebted  for  the  expression  of  his  opinion  on  the  establishment 
of  the  subgenera,  and  also  for  the  comparison  of  several  American 
species  with  closely  related  European  ones. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Henry  Skinner  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  and  Prof.  Samuel  Henshaw  of  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  I  was  given 
every  opportunity  to  examine  and  sketch  the  many  valuable  types 
of  species  of  this  genus. 

Dr.  James  Fletcher  has  sent  me  a  number  of  Canadian  species 
for  examination,  for  which  privilege  I  return  thanks. 

I  am  under  obligations  to  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  for  the  loan 
of  material,  and  to  Dr.  Harrison  G.  Dyar  and  Mr.  August  Busck 
for  their  courtesy  while  examining  the  collection  at  Washington. 

Mr.  G.  R.  Pilate  has  kindly  sent  me  mines  of  a  number  of  spe- 
cies from  California. 

I  gratefully  acknowledge  the  assistance  I  have  received  from  the 
University  of  Cincinnati,  and  my  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  M.  F. 
Guyer  for  his  interest  and  suggestions  during  the  progress  of  my 
work.  ANNETTE  F.  BRAUN. 


ANNETTE    P.    BRAUN.  271 

Genus  L.ITHOCOLL.ETIS. 

This  genus  was  originally  established  for  a  number  of  European 
species,  which  conform  to  the  conception  of  the  genus  as  defined  by 
Dr.  Meyrick  in  his  "  Handbook  of  British  Lepidoptera,"  p.  733. 
Among  our  species  there  are  in  addition  to  the  typical  Lithocolletis, 
two  other  groups,  distinguished  by  structural  differences,  not  great 
enough  to  warrant  the  establishment  of  new  genera.  In  accordance 
with  the  opinion  expressed  by  Dr.  Meyrick  in  response  to  questions 
regarding  the  value  of  these  variations  in  the  division  of  the  genus, 
the  solidaginis  group  and  that  represented  by  desmodiella  have  been 
ranked  as  subgenera,  but  the  flat  larval  group  is  treated  as  "a  nat- 
ural and  definable  group  of  the  genus." 

In  order  to  include  all  of  the  American  species,  the  definition  of 
the  genus  must  be  somewhat  broadened,  and  it  may  then  be  charac- 
terized as  follows  : 

Head  (Plate  XX,  fig.  9). — Face  smooth,  crown  rough  tufted. 
Labial  palpi  porrected  or  drooping,  moderately  long,  pointed.  Max- 
illary palpi  rudimentary.  Tongue  moderate.  Antennae  nearly 
attaining  the  wing  length,  simple  in  the  male,  basal  joint  thickened, 
bearing  a  pecten  (without  a  pecten  in  subgenus  Porphyrosela). 

Forewings  elongate,  lanceolate,  acuminate. 

Hindwings  about  one- half  the  breadth  of  the  forewings,  linear 
lanceolate,  cilia  4-5. 

Venation  (Plate  XX,  Figs.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8).— Forewings : 
16  simple,  3  absent,  4  absent,  5  absent  (typical  Lithocolletis  and 
Porphyrosela),  5*  and  6  stalked  (subgenus  Cremastobombycia),  7  to 
costa,  8  absent,  10  absent,  11  absent  (subgenus  Porphyrosela).  Hind- 
wings  :  3  absent,  4  absent,  transverse  vein  absent  between  2  and  5, 
6  absent  (typical  Lithocolletis  and  Porphyrosela),  5  and  6*  long 
stalked  (subgenus  Cremastobombycia). 

Posterior  tibioe  with  appressed  hairs  (except  in  subgenus  Porphy- 
rosela). 

All  of  the  species  of  which  the  life  history  is  known  are  leaf 
miners  throughout  their  entire  larval  existence,  and  all,  with  the 
exception  of  ostensackenella,  pupate  within  the  mine. 

The  three  divisions  may  be  separated  by  the  following  characters : 

*  Discovery  of  more  primitive  forms,  with  more  complete  venation,  may  neces- 
sitate a  change  in  the  interpretation  of  this  venation. 

TBANS.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  SEPTEMBER,  1908. 


272  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Forewings  with  5  absent;  hindwings  with  6  absent. 

Vein  11  of  the  forewings  absent;  posterior  tibiae  without  hairs. 

Subgenus  Porphyrosela. 
Vein  11  of  the  forewings  present ;  posterior  tibiae  with  appressed  hairs. 

Lithocolletis  Kb. 
Forewings  with  5  and  6  stalked  ;  hindwings  with  5  and  6  stalked. 

Subgenus  Cremastobombycia. 

MTHOCOLL-ETIS  Hiibner. 

Characters  of  Lithocolletis  as  given  in  Meyrick's  "  Handbook  of 
British  Lepidoptera,"  1895,  p.  733. 

Head  (Plate  XX,  Fig.  9).— Face  smooth,  crown  rough  tufted. 
Labial  palpi  porrected  or  drooping,  moderately  long,  pointed.  Max- 
illary palpi  rudimentary.  Tongue  moderate.  Antennse  nearly 
attaining  the  wing  length,  simple  in  male,  basal  joint  thickened, 
bearing  a  pecten. 

Forewings  elongate,  lanceolate,  acuminate. 

Hindwings  about  one-half  the  breadth  of  the  forewings,  linear 
lanceolate,  cilia  4-5. 

Venation  (Plate  XX,  Figs.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5). — Forewings:  Ib  simple, 
3-5  absent,  7  to  costa,  8  absent,  10  absent.  Hindwings  :  3  absent, 
4  absent,  transverse  vein  absent  between  2  and  5,  6  absent. 

Posterior  tibiae,  with  appressed  hairs. 

Our  representatives  fall  naturally  into  two  distinct  and  well  de- 
fined groups,  identical,  however,  in  structural  details  of  the  imago. 
The  first,  comprising  those  species  having  a  cylindrical  larva,  agrees 
closely  with  the  European  species  in  embryonic  stages  and  in  type 
of  markings  of  the  imago.  The  second  group  includes  all  those 
species  having  a  flattened  larva,  and  is  characterized  by  a  definite 
type  of  wing  marking. 

Most  of  the  species  are  included  in  this  division,  which  is  well 
represented  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  A  very  few  of  the  species 
occur  throughout  the  entire  country ;  others  are  of  comparatively 
wide  distribution ;  a  few  appear  to  be  confined  to  a  very  limited 
area. 

The  following  characters  will  separate  the  two  groups : 

Larva  cylindrical;  white  streaks  and  fasciae  dark  margined  internally. ..Group  I. 
Larva  flattened  ;  white  streaks  and  fasciae  dark  margined  externally.. .Group  II. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  273 

GROUP  I. 

The  larva  of  the  first  group  (Plate  XX,  fig.  11)  is  cylindrical  or 
subcylindrical  in  form,  and  has,  beside  the  thoracic  legs,  four  pair 
of  prolegs,  on  7,  8,  9  and  13.  It  is  usually  of  a  pale  greenish  or 
yellowish  color. 

The  mine  may  be  placed  upon  either  the  upper  or  lower  surface, 
but  in  either  case  the  loosened  epidermis  is  lined  with  silk,  causing 
it  to  contract,  thus  producing  a  roomy,  tent-like  mine.  The  mine 
is  at  first  narrow,  somewhat  winding,  but  soon  spreads  out  into  a 
blotch,  which  sometimes  includes  the  earlier  winding  portion.  The 
outline  of  the  loosened  epidermis  represents  the  final  size  of  the 
mine,  no  further  increase  taking  place.  The  mine  may  be  oval  or 
circular,  or  in  a  few  cases,  nearly  rectangular  in  shape,  sometimes 
limited  by  two  veins.  Usually  the  larva  feeds  from  the  circumfer- 
ence inwardly;  sometimes  it  begins  at  one  end,  and  sometimes  it 
feeds  irregularly  in  spots. 

With  the  exception  of  ostensaclcenella,  which  leaves  the  mine  to 
pupate,  the  pupa  is  formed  within  the  mine,  and  may  or  may  not  be 
enclosed  in  a  cocoon.  In  the  latter  case,  it  is  usually  suspended  in 
the  mine  by  a  thin  meshwork  of  silken  threads.  Where  a  cocoon 
is  present,  several  varieties  may  be  distinguished.  It  may  be  rather 
small,  ovoid,  formed  of  frass  and  silk  ;  large,  loosely  woven,  semi- 
transparent,  occupying  sometimes  nearly  one-half  the  mine ;  or  an 
oval  ring  with  outlines  formed  of  frass. 

The  forewings  of  the  imagoes  are  usually  of  some  shade  of  yellow 
or  brown,  sometimes,  however,  with  the  basal  two-thirds  almost 
pure  shining  white.  Upon  this  yellowish  ground  color,  the  more  or 
less  white  markings  appear.  The  transverse  markings  consist  of 
costal  and  dorsal  streaks,  usually  curved  and  oblique,  slightly  curved 
or  angulated  fasciae  or  combinations  of  these.  These  streaks  or 
fasciae  are  usually  margined  with  darker  scales  toward  the  base ;  the 
internal  margins  of  some  of  the  streaks  are  sometimes  lacking.  In 
a  few  species  some  or  all  of  the  streaks  or  fasciae  may  be  more  or 
less  margined  externally  also,  but  in  no  case  is  the  external  margin 
heavier  than  the  internal  one,  and  in  no  case  is  an  external  margin 
present,  when  the  internal  one  is  absent.  Longitudinal  markings, 
when  present,  consist  of  a  median  streak  from  the  base,  sometimes 
accompanied  by  streaks  along  the  costal  and  dorsal  margins.  The 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.  XXXIV.  (35)  SEPTEMBER,  1908. 


274  AMERICAN   MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA. 

apex  sometimes  contains  a  well-defined,  regularly  shaped  black  dot, 
formed  of  closely  overlapping  scales.  In  other  species,  these  scales 
are  more  or  less  scattered. 

In  the  synoptic  table,  and  as  a  factor  in  the  sequence  of  the  spe- 
cies, the  use  of  the  term  "apical  spot"  or  "apical  dot"  has  been 
restricted  to  those  species  in  which  the  apical  dot  is  circular  or 
nearly  so,  and  is  not  connected  with  a  streak  of  scattered  scales  ex- 
tending along  the  middle  of  the  wing  before  the  apex.  L.fitchella 
and  L.  lucidicostella  possess  typical  apical  dots.  Typically,  this  dot 
is  placed  at  the  apex  of  the  wing  membrane.  In  intermediate 
forms,  such  as  morrisella,  uhlerella,  gemmea,  the  apical  spot  may  be 
so  increased  in  size  as  to  occupy  the  entire  apical  portion  of  the 
wing. 

The  white  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  occupy  the  interspaces  be- 
tween the  veins.  The  veins  then,  within  certain  variable  limits, 
determine  the  position  of  these  marks.  The  first  costal  streak  is 
placed  beyond  vein  12,  and  is  the  most  variable  in  position ;  the 
second  just  before  11 ;  the  third  between  11  and  9;  the  fourth  be- 
tween 9  and  7 ;  rarely  a  fifth  between  7  and  the  apex.  In  those 
species  with  but  three  costal  streaks,  the  one  between  9  and  7  is 
absent,  and  vein  9  reaches  the  costa  nearer  the  apex,  permitting  the 
third  costal  streak  to  be  shifted  backward. 

Of  the  dorsal  streaks  those  at  the  tornus  and  beyond  it  are  the 
most  constant  in  position.  Those  along  the  dorsal  margin  have  no 
defined  position. 

The  species  may  be  separated  as  follows : 

A.  Ground  color  of  the  forewings  pure  white,  marked  with  fuscous  irrorated 

bands  and  bars bataviella. 

A  A.  Ground  color  of  the  forewings  not  entirely  pure  white. 
B.  Forewings  dusted  with  fuscous  scales. 

C.     Costal  and  dorsal  streaks  large,  conspicuous  and  curved  backward. 
D.  Size  large  (9-10.5  mm.) ;  ground  color  reddish. .   treiliuloidiclla. 
DD.  Size  moderate  (7-8  mm.)  ;  ground  color  not  reddish. 

salicifoliella. 
CC.  Costal  and  dorsal  streaks  narrow,  straight,  forming  angulated  fascise. 

celtifoliella. 
BB.  Forewings  not  dusted. 

C.  With  an  apical  dot  (indistinct  in  arlutnsella,  insignis  and  obsoleta). 
D.  Without  a  complete  median  fascia. 

E.  One  white  dorsal  streak  before  the  tornus. 

F.  Two  white  costal  streaks trinotella. 

FF.  Three  white  eostal  streaks quercialbella. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  275 

FFF.  Four  white  costal  streaks. 

G.  Basal  half  of  forewings  pure  white clemensella. 

GG.  A  golden  basal  streak  from  base  to  near  middle. 

H.  Basal  streak  margined  with  dark  brown  on  its  lower  edge. 

argentifimbriella. 

II  H.  Basal  streak  unmargined lucidicostella. 

EE.  Two  white  dorsal  streaks  before  the  tormis. 
F.  With  a  median  pale  basal  streak. 
G.  Basal  streak  extended  across  the  fold  to  the  dorsum. 

H.  Basal  streak  confluent  with  the  upper  edge  of  the  first  dorsal 

streak insignis. 

HH.  Basal  streak  not  confluent  with  the  first  dorsal  streak. 

I.  Basal  streak  extended  to  the  costa arbiitusella. 

II.  Basal  streak  not  extended  to  the  costa hageni. 

GG.  Basal  streak  not  extended  to  the  dorsum. 

H.  Basal  streak  confluent  with  the  upper  edge  of  the  first  dorsal 

streak insignis. 

HH.  Basal  streak  not  confluent  with  the  first  dorsal  streak. 

I.  First  dorsal  streak  short  and  broad,  produced  to  the  base. 

albanotella. 

II.  First  dorsal  streak   extending  more  than  half  way  across 

the  wing. 

J.  A  white  costal  streak  from  base  to  one-third. ..rileyella. 
JJ.  No  such  streak. 

K.  Basal  streak  dark  margined  toward  costa. 

L.  First  dorsal  streak  very  long,  reaching  apex  of  second 

costal obfwcuricostella. 

LL.  Apex  of  first  dorsal  streak  opposite  that  of  first  costal. 

M.  Head  and  thorax  white oli Y:cTormis. 

MM.  Head  and  thorax  reddish-saffron. 

keari'otU'lla. 
KK.  Basal  streak  unmargined. 

L.  Thorax  and  basal  portion  of  forewings  shining  white. 

caryrealbella. 
LL.  Thorax  and  basal  portion  of  forewings  not  white. 

ostryeefoliella. 

FF.  Without  a  median  pale  basal  streak. 
G.  Apex  of  first  dorsal  streak  opposite  the  apex  of  second  costal. 

H.  First  dorsal  streak  very  large fitchella. 

HH.  First  dorsal  streak  not  larger  than  opposite  costal  streak. 

robiniella. 
GG.  Apex  of  first  dorsal  streak  opposite  the  apex  of  first  costal. 

H.  Pale  markings  very  indistinct Obsoleta. 

HH.  Pale  markings  well  defined. 

I.  Apex  of  second  dorsal  streak  opposite  the  space  between  the 

second  and  third  costal  streaks ;  margins  of  opposite 
streaks  never  uniting *<w  not  <>l  la . 

II.  Apex  of  second  dorsal  streak  opposite  second  costal ;  mar- 

gins of  opposite  streaks  uniting ceriferella. 

TBANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.  XXXIV.  SEPTJSMBEB,  1908. 


276  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

EEE.  Three  large  white  dorsal  streaks  before  the  tornus,  curving  back- 
ward   leucotliorax. 

DD.  With  a  complete  median  fascia. 

E.  Three  posterior  costal  streaks mart  id  la. 

EE.  Two  posterior  costal  streaks. 
F.  Dorsal  half  of  the  wing  below  the  fold  dark  brown. 

G.  A  silvery  basal  streak  in  the  fold morrisella. 

GG.  No  basal  streak uhlerella. 

FF.  Dorsal  half  of  the  wings  not  darkened gemmea. 

CC.  Without  an  apical  dot. 

D.  Oblique  costal  and  dorsal  streaks,  rarely  meeting;  no  straight  fascia, 
sometimes  one  acutely  angulated  fascia. 

E.  Basal  streak  very  short  and  indistinct auronitens. 

EE.  Basal  streak  long. 

F.  A  median  angulated  fascia  of  equal  width  throughout ;  white  marks 

dusted  internally celtisella. 

FF.  Fascia,  if  present,  formed  by  the  meeting  of  opposite  streaks. 
G.  With  three  long  dorsal  streaks  before  the  tornus. 

H.  Five  costal  streaks argentiiiotella. 

HH.  Two  costal  streaks,  first  opposite  second  dorsal  streak. 

oecitauica. 
GG.  With  two  dorsal  streaks  before  the  tornus. 

H.  Basal  streak  unmargined,  or  margined  toward  its  apex  only. 

I.  Markings  usually  very  indistinct  and  ill-defined  ;  sometimes 

a  median  angulated  fascia apiciiiigrella. 

II.  Markings  well  defined  ;  never  with  a  median  fascia. 

J.  Basal  streak   confluent   with  the  upper  edge  of  the  first 
dorsal  streak. 

K.  Forewings  pale,  grayish salici  vorella. 

KK.  Forewings  not  grayish deceptusella. 

JJ.  Basal  streak  not  confluent  with  first  dorsal  streak. 

K.  First  pair  of  streaks  very  oblique  and  extended  along 

the  margins  to  base basistrigella. 

KK.  First  pair  of  streaks  not  extended  to  base. 
L.  Apical  third  of  basal  streak  bent  toward  costa. 

M.  Margin  of  first  dorsal   streak   bent  backward   on 

fold scudderella. 

MM.  Margin  of  first  dorsal  streak  not  bent  backward 

on  fold diaphanella. 

LL.  Basal  streak  straight  or  curved  downward. 

iiicanella. 
HH.  Basal  streak  dark  margined  toward  the  costa. 

I.  Costal  margin  white  from  base  to  near  one-third. 

populiella. 

II.  Costal  margin  not  white  from  base. 

J.  Three  costal  streaks malimalifoliella. 

JJ.  Four  costal  streaks. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  277 

K.  Posterior  tarsi  whitish. 

L.  Two  dorsal  streaks  above  the  tornus,  each   uniting 

with  its  corresponding  costal  streak ledella. 

LL.  One  dorsal  streak  above  the  tornus aliii. 

alnicolella. 

KK.  Posterior  tarsi  fuscous  above,  or  tipped  with  black. 
L.  First  dorsal  streak  short,  not  attaining  the  fold. 

minutella. 

LL.  First  dorsal  streak  very  long. 

M.  First  dorsal  streak  beginning  much  nearer  the  base 
than  first  costal ;  expanse  8-9  mm. 

propiiiqiiinella. 
MM.  First  dorsal  streak  beginning  nearly  opposite  first 

costal,  expanse  6.5-7  mm cratregella. 

DD.  Usually  two  complete  fasciae  ;  if  but  one,  median  and  nearly  straight. 
E.  A  median  fascia;  two  posterior  costal  streaks. 

F.  Basal  portion  of  the  wing  shining  white luceticlla. 

FF.  Basal  portion  of  the  wing  golden symphoricarpella. 

EE.  Two  complete  fasciae. 

F.  Head  and  thorax  pure  white tiliacella. 

FF.  Head  and  thorax  not  white. 
G.  Two  posterior  costal  streaks. 

H.  Head  and  base  of  wings  dark  brown,  .ostensackenella. 
HH.  Head  and  base  of  wings  not  dark  brown. 

I.  Fasciae  nearly  straight. 

J.  Apex  of  wing  dusted tritseuianella. 

JJ.  Apex  of  wing  not  dusted aflin is. 

II.  Fasciae  distinctly  bent  outward  near  the  middle. 

mariaeella. 

GG.  Three  posterior  costal  streaks. 

H.  Costal  arm  of  each  fascia  broadly  dusted  internally. 

fragilella. 
HH.  Fasciae  not  dusted  internally oregoiiensis. 

Litliocolletis  fitchella  Clemens. 

(Plate  XXI,  Fig.  1.) 

Lithocolletis  fitchella  Clem.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  207,  I860.— Tin.  No.  Am., 
,139,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  183,  1871.— Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i, 
201,  1874.— Packard,  Guide  Stud.  Ins.,  353,  1869.— Chambers,  Bull. 
Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iii,  139,  1877.— Can.  Ent.,  xi,  90,  1879.— Frey  and 
Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  260, 1878.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash., 
v,  204,  1903.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6253. 
Syn.  quercifoliella  Fitch,  Fifth  Kept.  Ins.  N.  Y.,  327,  1859.— quercitorum  Frey  and 
Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  207,  1873.— Zeller,  Verh.  zool.-bot.  Ges. 
Wien.,  xxv,  346,  1875.— Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  201, 1874 ;  ii, 
229,  1875.— Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iii.  139,  141,  1877. 

"  Head,  face  aud  thorax  silvery  white.  Labial  palpi  tipped  with  pale  ocher- 
ous.  Antennae  pale  saffron  ;  basal  joint  silvery  white.  Forewings  pale  reddish- 
saffron  ;  with  a  slight  brassy  hue.  Along  the  costa  are  five  silvery-white  costal 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  SEPTEMBER,  1908 


278  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

streaks,  all  black-margined  internally  except  the  first,  which  is  very  oblique  and 
continued  along  the  costa  to  the  base  of  the  wing.  All  the  costal  streaks  are 
short  except  the  first.  On  the  inner  margin  are  two  conspicuous  silvery  dorsal 
streaks,  dark-margined  internally,  the  first  very  large,  and  placed  near  the  mid- 
dle of  the  inner  margin,  the  second  opposite  the  third  costal  streak.  At  the  tip 
is  a  small  round  black  spot,  placed  above  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Cilia  silvery 
gray  tinted  with  saffron.  Hindwings  grayish  fuscous;  cilia  paler." 

The  above  is  a  reprint  of  Clemens'  description.  Although 
Clemens  makes  no  mention  of  it  in  his  description,  there  is  a  very 
distinct  black  hook  in  the  cilia  above  the  apical  spot.  Alar  ex- 
panse 7.5-8  mm. 

The  larva  mines  the  underside  of  oak  leaves,  forming  a  tentiform 
mine,  of  which  the  loosened  epidermis  is  slightly  wrinkled  at 
maturity.  The  pupa  is  suspended  in  a  slight  web  of  silk. 

Lithocolletis  leucothorax  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  2. 
Lithocolletis  leucothorax  Walsingham,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxxiii,  223,  1907. 

"Antennae  pale  saffron.     Palpi  white.     Head  pale  saffron  ;  face  white. 

"  Forewings  pale  saffron,  the  extreme  costa  whitish  from  the  base,  with  two 
very  oblique,  shining  whitish  costal  streaks  tending  outward,  the  first  at  the 
middle,  the  second  beyond  it,  and  two  much  shorter  streaks  in  the  costal  cilia 
pointing  inward — all  anteriorly  dark  margined  ;  on  the  dorsum  are  three  very 
conspicuous,  broad,  white  streaks,  tending  obliquely  outward,  the  first  and  sec- 
ond before  the  middle,  the  third  beyond  it — these  are  all  also  anteriorly  mar- 
gined with  ferruginous,  the  ferruginous  shades  bent  outward  about  the  middle 
of  the  wing  giving  them  an  angulated  appearance;  cilia  shining,  saffron,  a  small 
blackish  apical  dot  and  a  dark  line  running  from  it  through  the  cilia  toward  the 
tornus.  Alar  expanse  8.5  mm. 

"Hindwings  whitish  gray;  cilia  grayish.  Abdomen  tinged  with  saffron  ;  anal 
tuft  grayish.  Hind  tibiae  yellowish  white,  very  faintly  spotted." 

Described  by  Lord  Walsingham  from  a  specimen  collected  by 
Mr.  A.  Koebele,  in  the  Santa  Cruz  Mountains,  California.  Mr. 
W.  D.  Kearfott  has  this  species  from  Colfax,  Placer  County,  Cali- 
fornia, May  l-10th  (A.  H.  Vachell,  collector). 

Lithocolletis  bataviella  sp.  nov. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  3. 

Antennae  whitish,  banded  above  with  dark  gray.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Tuft 
white  and  gray  intermixed. 

Thorax  white,  dusted  with  gray  scales.  Forewings  white  ;  the  markings  con- 
sisting of  darker  angulated  fasciae  formed  by  gray-tipped  whitish  scales,  with  a 
faint  golden  brown  lustre  at  their  bases.  At  the  base  of  the  costa,  is  a  patch  of 
these  scales.  Within  the  basal  fourth  is  an  angulated  fascia,  sometimes  consist- 
ing only  of  the  line  of  black  scales  which  forms  its  outer  border,  and  sometimes 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  279 

interrupted  beneath  the  angle;  sometimes  the  gray  scales  extend  to  the  base  of 
the  wing.  Just  before  the  middle  is  a  second  angulated  fascia,  with  its  dorsal 
arm  more  nearly  perpendicular  than  that  of  the  first  fascia,  also  dark  margined 
on  its  outer  side.  Beyond  this  is  a  somewhat  Y-shaped  mark,  with  its  arms  rest- 
ing on  the  costa  and  enclosing  between  them  a  small  inwardly  dark  margined 
white  costal  streak.  The  outer  margin  of  this  mark  is  angulated  or  interrupted, 
emitting  at  the  angle  a  streak  of  gray  scales.  This  streak  unites  with  an  out- 
wardly concave  fascia  near  the  apex.  The  apical  part  of  the  wing  is  dusted  with 
gray  scales,  with  a  few  black  scales  at  the  apex.  A  marginal  row  of  gray-tipped 
scales  passes  around  the  apex  to  the  tornus.  Cilia  pale  gray.  Expanse  7-7.5  mm. 
Hindwings  and  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  gray  above,  with  paler  anal  tuft,  whitish 
beneath.  Legs  pale  grayish,  tarsi  tipped  with  black. 

Described  from  eight  specimens,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  April  13-29th. 

Not   closely   related   to   any   described    American    species,    but 

approaching  the  European  sylvella  more  closely  than   any  other 

species. 

Lithocolletis  triiiotella  Braun. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  4. 
Lithocolletis  Irinotella  Braun,  Ent.  News,  xix,  99,  1908. 

Palpi,  face,  tuft  and  antennae  glistening  snowy  white;  antennae  faintly  annu- 
late above  with  ocherous. 

Thorax  and  basal  two-thirds  of  the  forewings  glistening  white,  below  the  fold 
somewhat  suffused  with  yellow;  apical  third  of  the  wings  pale  golden.  A  pale 
golden  basal  streak  begins  on  the  costa,  extends  nearly  parallel  to  the  costa  for 
one-fourth  the  wing  length,  then  is  bent  downward  and  passes  parallel  to  the 
fold  into  the  golden  apical  portion  of  the  wing.  In  the  apical  portion  there  are 
two  costal  white  wedge-shaped  streaks  and  a  similar  dorsal  one  just  before  the 
tornus,  opposite  the  first  costal  streak  ;  all  are  internally  margined  with  pale 
fuscous.  A  black  apical  spot.  A  pale  fuscous  marginal  line  in  the  cilia.  Cilia 
whitish,  faintly  tinged  with  yellow.  Alar  expanse  5  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  whitish.  Abdomen  pale  grayish  ocherous  above,  whitish 
beneath.  Legs  whitish. 

The  unique  type,  a  male,  was  taken  in  Essex  County  Park,  New 
Jersey,  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Kearfott,  April  26th. 

Litliocolleti*  quercialbella  Fitch. 
Plate  XXI,  Fig.  5. 

Argyromiges  quercialbella  Fitch,  Kept.  Ins.  N.  Y.,  v,  328,  1859. 

Lithocolletis  quercialbella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  57,  1871. — Walsingham,  Ins. 
Life,  ii,  25,  1889;  iii,  325,  1891.— Dyar,  Bull.,  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902, 
No.  6259. 

Syn.  quercibella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  102,  1875.— Walsingham,  Ins. 
Life,  ii,  77, 1889.— quercipulchella  Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv, 
120,  1878.— Packard,  Bull.  Ent.  Comm.,  vii,  53,  1881.— Walsingham, 
Ins.  Life,  ii,  77,  1889.— quercipulchrella  Riley,  Smith's  List  Lep.  Bor. 
Am.,  109,  1891. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  SEPTEMBER,  1908. 


280  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Face,  palpi,  tuft  and  antennae  white,  extreme  tips  of  antennae  dark  brown. 
Thorax  and  basal  two-thirds  of  the  forewings  shining  white ;  apical  third  suf- 
fused with  golden.  A  rather  broad  golden  basal  streak  begins  at  the  base  on  the 
costa  and  extends  parallel  to  the  fold,  to  the  middle  of  the  wing.  In  the  apical 
golden  portion  of  the  wing,  there  are  three  costal  white  streaks,  all  dark  mar- 
gined internally,  and  nearly  perpendicular  to  the  margin.  Opposite  the  first 
costal  streak  a  dorsal  white  streak,  dark  margined  internally;  opposite  the  sec- 
ond costal  streak  is  a  second  indistinct  dorsal  streak.  A  black  apical  spot.  CilH 
whitish,  tipped  with  fuscous  around  the  apex.  Marginal  line  in  the  cilia  dark 
brown.  Expanse  7  mm. 

Hind  wings  and  cilia  pale  grayish  ocherous.  Abdomen  grayish  ocherous 
above,  whitish  beneath.  Legs  whitish  ocherous. 

Eastern  United  States. 

The  larvae  make  tentiform  mines  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of 
various  species  of  oak. 

Fitch  in  his  description  says  "  three  or  four  costal  streaks,"  mak- 
ing the  description  applicable  to  two  species,  argentifimbriella  Clem, 
and  quercialbella  Fitch.  Lord  Walsingham  (Ins.  Life,  iii,  326, 
1891)  distinguishes  quercialbella  from  argentifimbriella  by  its  hav- 
ing three  instead  of  four  costal  streaks.  In  order  to  avoid  needless 
confusion,  the  name  quercialbella  should  be  retained  for  the  species 
having  three  costal  streaks,  although  Fitch's  supposed  type  of  quer- 
cialbella in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  collection  is  a  specimen  of  argenti- 
fimbriella. 

Liihocolletis  clemensella  Chambers. 

(Plate  XXI,  Fig.  6.) 

Lithocolietis  demensella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  57,  85,  1871;  xi,  91, 1879.— Wals- 
ingham, Ins.  Life,  ii,  25,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902, 
No.  6256. 

"Silvery  or  glistening  white.  Antennae  annulate  above  with  brownish.  Api- 
cal half  of  the  anterior  wings  pale  golden,  with  four  silvery  white  costal  and  two 
dorsal  streaks  all  dark  margined  internally.  The  dark  margin  of  the  first  costal 
streak  distinct,  oblique,  and  produced  along  the  costa  towards  the  base.  The 
first  dorsal  streak  opposite  to  the  second  costal,  oblique  pointing  to  the  third  cos- 
tal. No  basal  streak.  Apical  spot  black,  nearly  circular.  Hinder  marginal  line 
at  the  base  of  the  dorsal  cilia  brownish,  broad,  continuous  with  the  hind  margin 
of  the  second  dorsal  streak,  and  reaching  to  but  not  passing  around  the  apical 
spot;  cilia  silvery -tinged  with  pale  golden.  Alar  expanse  one-fourth  inch. 
Kentucky — common." 

The  above  is  Chambers'  description  of  the  species.  It  is  common 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  may  be  bred  from  tentiform  mines  on  the 
underside  of  leaves  of  sugar  maple.  The  pupa  is  suspended  in  the 
mine  by  a  few  silken  threads.  The  expanse  of  the  imago  is  6-6.5 
mm. 


ANNETTE    F.    BKAUN.  281 

Liitliocolletis  argent  ifimbriella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  7. 

Lithocolletis  argentijimbriella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  318,  321,  1859.— 
Tin.  No.  Am.,  39,  64,70,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,57,  85,  1871.— 
Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  201,  1874;  ii,  229,  1875.— Frey  and  Boll,  Stett. 
ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  209,  1873.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  iii,  325,  1891.— 
Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  188,  1903.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  1902,  No.  6258. 

Syn.  longistriata  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  209,  1873.— Chambers, 
Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  229,  1875.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  325, 1891. 
longirostrata  Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  550,  l9Q2.—fuscocosteMa 
Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  102,  1875 —Walsingham,  Ins.  Life, 
ii,  25,  1889. 

"Antennae  silvery,  annulated  with  darkish  brown.  Head,  front  and  thorax 
silvery-white.  Anterior  wings  silvery,  pale  golden  from  nearly  the  middle  to 
the  tip,  with  a  long  basal  dark  brown  streak  margined  above  with  golden,  ex- 
tending nearly  to  the  first  costal  streak.  There  are  four  silvery  costal  streaks, 
all  dark  margined,  the  first  very  oblique,  the  second  convex  toward  the  base  of 
the  wing.  The  first  costal  dark  margin  is  decided  and  extended  on  the  costa 
toward  the  base.  Two  silvery  dark  margined  dorsal  streaks,  the  first  opposite 
the  second  costal  streak.  The  apical  spot  black,  hinder  marginal  line  dark 
brown,  cilia  silver-gray.  Hindwings  silver-gray,  cilia  the  same." 

The  above  is  Clemens'  description. 

The  larva  makes  a  tentiform  mine  on  the  underside  of  leaves  of 
oaks.  The  pupa  is  suspended  in  the  mine  in  a  thin  web. 

The  imago  may  easily  be  distinguished  from  L.  lucidicostella, 
which  it  most  closely  resembles,  by  having  a  less  portion  of  the  wing 
golden ;  and  by  differences  in  the  basal  streak,  which  in  L.  argenti- 
jimbriella is  longer,  narrower  and  dark  brown,  margined  above  by 
a  narrow  golden  line.  In  L.  lucidicostella  the  basal  streak  is 
entirely  golden.  Expanse  6.5—7  mrn. 

The  type  of  longistriata  F.  &  B.  at  the  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  is  identical  with  argentijimbriella  Clem. 

Lithocolletis  lucidicostella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  8. 

Lithocolletis  lucidicostella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  318, 1859.— Tin.  No. 
Am.,  39,  64,  66,  1872.— Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  102,  1875.— 
Can.  Ent,  iii.  57,  1871.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  187,  1903.— 
Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6257. 
Syn.  ludicostella  Kiley,  Smith's  List  Lep.  Bor.  Am.,  109,  1891. 

"Antennae  white.  Head  and  tuft  silvery  white.  Forewings,  basal  portion 
silvery  white  to  the  middle,  with  a  discal  pale  golden  streak  from  the  base, 
retreating  from  the  costa  before  reaching  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  somewhat 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.  XXXIV.  (36)  SEPTEMBER,  1908. 


282  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

suffused  with  golden  beneath  the  fold.  From  the  middle  to  the  tip  pale  golden, 
with  four  costal  silvery  streaks,  dark  margined  internally  and  two  dorsal  silvery 
streaks,  the  first  opposite  the  second  costal  streak  and  both  dark  margined  inter- 
nally; the  first  costal  streak  not  decidedly  dark  margined.  Apical  spot  black. 
Hinder  marginal  line  in  the  cilia  dark  brown  ;  cilia  pale  gray.  Hindwings  shin- 
ing bluish  gray  ;  cilia  gray. 

"The  larva  mines  the  under  side  of  the  maple  leaf,  Acer  saccharinum,  in  July, 
September  and  October.  The  head  is  pale  brown ;  body  pale  green,  colored 
darker  by  the  ingesta.  "  Frass"  collected  into  a  ball  within  the  mine.  The 
pupa  is  suspended  in  a  web  of  silk  within  the  mine." 

The  above  is  Clemens'  description.  As  noticed  by  Stairiton,  the 
statement,  "  the  first  costal  streak  not  decidedly  dark  margined,"  is 
an  error.  This  streak  is  decidedly  dark  margined,  as  is  also  the 
first  dorsal.  The  extent  of  the  wing  suffused  with  golden  also 
varies ;  in  some  specimens  being  merely  a  golden  line  extending 
from  the  golden  apical  half  of  the  wing  along  the  fold  toward  the 
base ;  in  others  the  entire  basal  half  of  the  wing  below  the  fold  is 
golden.  Expanse  6.5  mm. 

Lithocolletis  albanotella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  9. 
Lithocolletis  albanotella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  101,  1875.— Dyar,  Bull. 

52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6263. 

Syn.  subaureola  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  262,  1878.— Walsingham, 
Ins.  Life,  ii,  25,  1889 ;  iii,  325,  1891.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
No.  6260. 

Antennae  white,  dark  brown  at  the  apex.  Face  and  palpi  shining  snow-white. 
Tuft  white,  mixed  with  pale  yellowish  brown  scales. 

Thorax  shining  white.  Forewings  pale  golden  brown.  There  is  a  broad  white 
basal  streak  ending  in  a  point  at  about  two-fifths  of  the  wing  length  and  black 
margined  toward  the  costa.  At  the  basal  third  is  a  very  oblique  costal  streak, 
with  its  internal  black  margin  produced  along  the  costa  to  the  base.  Opposite  to 
its  apex  is  the  apex  of  the  larger  first  dorsal  streak,  which  is  continued  as  a 
broad  band  along  the  dorsal  margin  to  the  base.  Near  the  base  it  is  confluent 
with  the  basal  streak,  leaving  only  a  narrow  streak  of  the  ground  color  between 
its  apex  and  the  basal  streak.  The  black  margin  at  the  apex  of  the  first  dorsal 
streak  extends  along  its  upper  edge  toward  the  base  for  a  greater  or  less  distance. 
In  the  apical  half  of  the  wing  are  three  costal  and  one  or  two  dorsal  streaks. 
Second  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  opposite  each  other,  sometimes  meeting,  and 
their  oblique  dark  internal  margins  often  uniting  in  the  middle  of  the  wing. 
Third  and  fourth  costal  streaks  nearly  perpendicular,  the  fourth  sometimes  un- 
margined,  the  third  opposite  the  third  dorsal  streak,  which  is  often  small  or  indi- 
cated by  its  dark  margin  only.  A  black  apical  spot  with  a  few  silvery  scales 
before  it.  A  dark  marginal  line  in  the  cilia,  which  are  pale  golden  around  the 
apex,  with  a  gray  streak  below  the  fourth  costal  streak,  shading  to  grayish  white 
toward  the  tornus.  Expanse  6-7.5  mm. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  283 

Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  grayish  ocherous  in  the  male,  more  ocherous  in  the 
female.  Abdomen  above,  gray  in  the  male,  ocherous  in  the  female,  whitish 
beneath.  Legs  and  tarsi  whitish  gray,  except  the  first  pair,  which  are  fuscous 
on  their  anterior  edges. 

Ohio,  Kentucky  (Chambers),  Texas  (Boll).     Chambers  records 
it  on   Quercu.s  nigra  L. ;   Boll   bred   it  from    Quercus  maerocarpa 
Michx.  in  Texas.     I  have  bred  it  at  Cincin- 
nati  on    Quercus   maerocarpa  and    Quercus 
platanoides.      The    rather   small    tentiform 
mine  may  be  placed  either  at  the  edge  of 
the  leaf  or  between  two  veins,  the  loosened 
epidermis  being  thrown  into  numerous  longi- 
Mine  of  L.  aibanoteiia.      tudina]  wrjnkles.     The  pupa  is  enclosed  in 

in  a  rather  large  semi-transparent  ovoid  silken  cocoon. 

The  type  of  Chambers'  aibanoteiia  at  Cambridge  consists  of  abdo- 
men and  hind  wings  only,  which  are  pale  grayish  ocherous.  His 
description  of  the  species  was  made  from  a  rubbed  specimen,  but 
agrees  with  that  of  subaureola  in  all  details,  with  the  exception  of 
"  basal  fourth  of  the  costa  white."  As  Chambers'  type  was  a 
female,  and  in  the  female  the  costal  portion  of  the  wings  toward  the 
base  is  much  paler,  this  error  in  the  description  was  probably  due 
to  the  condition  of  his  specimen. 

Lithocolletis  insignis  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  10. 

Lithocolletis  insignis  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  117,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6255. 

"Antennae  yellowish,  unspotted.  Palpi  white.  Face  white,  frontal  tuft  white, 
with  a  few  saffron  scales.  Thorax  white. 

"  Forewings  pale  saffron,  with  a  rather  golden  tinge;  a  broad  white  basal 
streak  on  the  upper  half  of  the  wing,  running  parallel  to  the  costal  margin  for 
one-third  the  wing  length,  thence  deflexed  and  confluent  with  the  middle  of  the 
upper  edge  of  the  first  very  broad  white  dorsal  streak.  The  basal  streak  is  some- 
times extended  at  the  base  across  the  fold  reaching  to  the  dorsal  margin,  thus 
leaving  between  itself  and  the  first  dorsal  streak  a  small  curved  oblique  saffron 
streak;  sometimes  it  is  not  thus  projected  across  the  fold,  but  upon  the  dorsal 
margin  beneath  it  is  found  a  separate  short  dorso-basal  white  dash.  Above  and 
slightly  beyond  the  point  at  which  the  broad  basal  streak  is  deflexed  there  is  a 
very  oblique  costal  streak,  somewhat  triangular,  with  its  apex  reaching  nearly 
to  the  apex  of  the  much  larger  first  dorsal  streak  below  it;  beyond  this  the  sec- 
ond streak,  situated  just  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin,  is  of  about  the 
same  size,  also  triangular,  a  little  less  oblique,  and  corresponding  with  a  wider 
and  more  conspicuous  white  dorsal  patch  opposite  to  it.  The  third  and  fourth 

TRANS.  AM.  BNT.  8OC.  XXXIV.  SEPTEMBER,  1908. 


284  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

costal  streaks,  of  which  the  former  points  slightly  outwards.  The  latter  is  per- 
pendicular, reaching  nearly  (or  in  some  specimens  quite)  to  a  white  patch  on  the 
dorsal  margin  before  the  apex,  which  seems  to  consist  of  two  confluent  white 
dorsal  streaks.  At  the  extreme  apex  is  a  minute  black  apical  spot,  surrounded 
by  a  semi -circular  dark  line  at  the  base  of  the  apical  cilia,  which  are  tinged  with 
golden  saffron  at  the  extreme  apex.  Beneath  the  apex  the  cilia  are  white, 
blending  into  saffron-gray  about  and  before  the  anal  angle ;  all  the  white  mark- 
ings are  distinctly  dark  margined  on  all  sides.  The  white  streaks  on  the  fore- 
wings  of  this  species  are  so  large  and  conspicuous  as  in  some  cases  to  almost 
obliterate  the  pale  saffron  ground  color,  and  different  specimens  vary  much  in 
the  proportionate  space  occupied  by  one  and  the  other. 

"Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  gray.  Abdomen  and  anal  tuft  grayish  white. 
Hind  tarsi  whitish,  spotted  above  with  gray.  Expanse  alar,  9  mm." 

This  species  was  described  as  above  by  Lord  Walsingham  from 
specimens  collected  in  California  in  1871,  in  Lake  and  Mendocino 
Counties  in  June,  and  on  Mt.  Shasta,  Siskiyou  County,  in  August. 
In  Mr.  Kearfott's  collection,  there  is  a  specimen  of  this  species  from 
Carmel,  California,  taken  in  June  (A.  H.  Vachell,  collector). 

Lithocolletis  hageni  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  11. 

LithocoUetis  hageni  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  208, 1873.— Chambers, 
Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  201,  1874.— Bull.  Geol.  Surv.   Terr.,  iv,  100, 
1878.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6252. 
Syn.  necospinusella  Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  100,  1878.— Can.  Ent., 

xi,  144,  1879. 

Face,  head  and  thorax  white.  Palpi  white.  Scales  of  the  tuft  mixed  with 
gray.  Antennae  remarkably  dark  gray,  with  the  basal  joint  white.  Upper  side 
of  the  abdomen  dark  gray.  Anal  tuft  somewhat  lighter,  tinged  with  yellow.  The 
underside  of  the  abdomen  is  brownish  white;  as  are  likewise  the  legs,  the  tarsi 
on  the  outside  being  obscurely  dark  spotted.  The  ground  color  of  the  forewings 
is  a  deep  saffron  brown.  The  white  spots  are  greatly  developed  on  the  dorsal 
margin,  but,  on  the  contrary,  only  slightly  on  the  costa.  Here,  beginning  just 
before  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin,  are  four  white  streaks  dark  margined  on 
both  sides.  The  first  is  placed  very  obliquely,  the  second  less  so,  the  two  last 
are  placed  transversely  on  the  wing,  are  bent,  and  their  apices  point  toward  the 
tornus.  At  the  base  of  the  dorsal  margin  there  is  a  very  large  white  spot.  It 
forms  an  irregular  quadrilateral,  which  approaches  the  costa,  extends  parallel  to 
it,  and  is  prolonged  to  a  point  on  the  fold.  An  obliquely  placed  transverse  band 
of  the  saffron  brown  ground  color,  very  much  darkened,  borders  this  spot  behind. 
Then  follows  a  second  white  mark,  in  the  shape  of  an  irregular  triangular,  whose 
broad  base  rests  upon  the  dorsal  margin.  There  follows  a  second,  also  very  much 
darkened  shorter  transverse  band.  It  ends  at  one-half  the  wing  length.  Behind 
this  at  the  tornus,  we  see  finally  the  last  white  triangle.  At  the  apex  of  the 
wing  there  is  a  black  dot.  A  well  defined  black  streak  extends  from  this  dot 
into  the  whitish  cilia.  A  peculiar  glistening  blue  line  extends  along  the  base  of 
the  cilia.  This  line  becomes  very  noticeably  slightly  concave  before  the  tornus. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  285 

The  hindwings  moderately  dark  gray,  their  cilia  somewhat  lighter.  Underside 
brownish  dark  gray.  The  second  white  dorsal  spot  usually  shows  through  as  a 
lighter  shade. 

The  larvae  have  almost  the  same  habits  as  those  of  quercitorum  on  the  under- 
side of  leaves  of  Quercus  Prinus  L.  and  Quercus  Castanea  Willd.  However,  the 
mine  is  more  wrinkled,  and  hence  the  leaf  is  more  strongly  drawn  together  and 
is  somewhat  gray. 

The  imagoes  emerge  in  April  and  May. 

The  above  is  a  translation  of  Frey's  original  description  (Stett. 
ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  208,  1873). 

The  tuft  is  saffron  brown  at  the  sides.  Thorax  white,  except  a 
narrow  brown  stripe  across  the  anterior  edge  of  the  patagia.  The 
position  of  a  fourth  dorsal  streak  above  the  torn  us  is  indicated 
by  its  dark  margin.  On  large  specimens  a  fifth  small  white  costal 
streak  is  sometimes  present.  The  apex  of  the  large  white  basal 
dorsal  streak  is  above  the  fold,  not  on  the  fold.  Alar  expanse 
7.5-10  mm. 

I  have  bred  this  species  from  mines  on  the  underside  of  Quercus 
platanoides  (Lam.)  Sudw.  The  pupa  is  suspended  in  a  few  silken 

threads. 

Lithocolletis  arbutusella  sp.  nov. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  12. 

Male. — Antennae  whitish,  annulate  with  gray.  Face  and  palpi  yellowish 
white.  Tuft  brown,  mixed  with  ochreous  and  white  scales. 

Thorax  whitish,  with  the  anterior  portion  darkened  with  grayish  brown 
scales.  Forewings  pale  reddish  ochreous.  At  the  basal  fourth  of  the  dorsum, 
there  is  a  curved  oblique  line  of  brown  scales,  uniting  at  a  very  acute  angle  with 
a  shorter  curved  costal  line,  thus  enclosing  a  white  basal  patch,  suffused  with 
pale  ocherous  toward  the  base  and  costa  and  darkened  along  the  costa,  with 
grayish  brown  scales.  There  is  a  small  patch  of  similar  dark  scales  on  the  dor- 
sum  near  the  base.  Just  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  an  oblique  white  cos- 
tal streak  dark  margined  on  both  sides.  Nearly  opposite  it  is  a  large  oblique 
curved  dorsal  streak  also  dark  margined  on  both  sides,  the  dark  margin  being 
continued  from  the  apex  along  the  middle  of  the  wing  to  the  apex  of  the  second 
dorsal  streak.  The  anterior  margin  of  the  second  very  broad  dorsal  streak  is 
formed  by  a  line  of  brown  scales  beginning  on  the  dorsum  a  little  anterior  to  the 
apex  of  the  first  dorsal  streak,  bent  backward  along  the  fold,  then  directed  up- 
ward. The  nearly  perpendicular  external  margin  of  this  streak  is  formed  of  a 
few  scattered  scales.  Second  costal  streak  very  long,  narrow  and  oblique,  mar- 
gined internally  only,  and  ending  just  above  the  apex  of  the  second  dorsal 
streak.  From  here  to  near  the  apex,  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  dusted  with 
whitish  scales.  Third  costal  streak  triangular  and  inwardly  oblique.  Fourth 
costal  streak  small.  A  small  patch  of  brown  scales  in  the  apical  portion  of  the 
wing,  from  which  an  indistinct  line  of  brown  scales  extends  to  the  tornus.  A 
brown  line  in  the  cilia  passes  around  the  apex  from  the  fourth  costal  streak  to 
the  tornus.  Cilia  pale  grayish.  Alar  expanse  8  mm. 

TRANS.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  SEPTEMBER,  1908. 


286  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Hindwings,  cilia  and  upper  side  of  abdomen  gray.  Hind  tibiae  reddish  gray, 
their  tarsi  white,  with  broad  black  annexations. 

Female. — The  female  shows  the  following  differences:  face  and  palpi  white, 
antennae  white,  grayish  toward  the  apex.  Tuft  white,  with  a  few  brown  scales. 
Thorax  and  basal  portion  of  the  wings  almost  pure  white.  The  apical  portion  of 
the  wings  is  also  more  suffused  with  white.  Hindwings  and  cilia  almost  pure 
white.  Abdomen  silvery  gray.  Legs  white,  tarsi  with  black  annulatious. 

Type.— No.  12002,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

San  Mateo  Co.,  California.  Two  specimens  bred  from  Arbutus 
menziesii  in  September,  and  bearing  the  record  number  243. 

Lithocolletis  obscuricostella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  13. 
Lithocolletis  obscuricostella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  321,  1859.— Tin. 

No.  Am.,  64,  71,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  85,  1871 ;  xi,  92,  1879. 

— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  188,  1903. 
Syn.  virginiella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  84,  1871.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat. 

Mus.,  1902,  No.  6280. 

"Head  and  frontal  tuft  silvery.  Thorax  very  pale  golden.  Forewings  pale 
golden  with  a  silvery  median  stripe  from  the  base,  black  margined  toward  the 
costa,  extending  to  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  with  four  silvery  costal  streaks,  the 
first  very  oblique  and  rather  long,  and  all  except  the  last  black  margined  inter- 
nally, the  margin  of  the  first  being  long  and  the  continuation  of  a  black  streak 
from  the  base  along  the  extreme  costa.  Three  silvery  dorsal  streaks,  the  first 
quite  long,  obliquely  curved  and  opposite  the  first  costal  streak,  and  the  first  two 
black  margined  internally  ;  the  second  dorsal  obliquely  opposite  the  third  costal 
streak.  Apical  spot  black;  hinder  marginal  line  black,  cilia  grayish.  Hind 
wings  bluish  gray,  cilia  the  same.  Abdomen  black,  tipped  freely  with  yellow." 

The  above  is  Clemens'  description. 

The  small  tentiform  mines  of  this  species  may  be  found  on  the 
underside  of  the  leaves  of  Ostrya  Virginiana  (Mill.)  Willd.  They 
are  usually  between  two  veins  and  are  less  wrinkled  than  those  of 
the  other  species,  mining  the  same  leaves,  viz. :  L.  ostrycefoliella. 
The  pupa  is  formed  inside  of  a  thin  silken  web  which  occupies  an 
entire  half  of  the  mine.  Expanse  of  the  imago  6-6.5  mm. 

I  have  some  specimens  in  which  the  entire  abdomen  is  pale  grayish 
yellow,  but  which  otherwise  agree  with  Clemens'  description. 

Lithocolletis  ostrysefoliella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  14. 

Lithocolletis  ostrysefoliella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  322,  1859.— Tin. 
No.  Am.,  64,  71,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  85,  1871.— Cin.  Quart. 
Jn.  Sci.,  i,  202,  1874.— Can.  Ent.,  xi,  91,  1879.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life, 
ii,  53,  1889.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  188,  1903.— Dyar,  Bull. 
52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6275. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  287 

Syn.  mirifica  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  212,  1873. 

"Antennae  silvery.  Front  silvery,  tuft  fuscous  and  silvery  mixed.  Thorax 
silvery,  with  the  basal  part  of  the  tegulse  pale  golden.  Forewings  pale  golden, 
with  an  unmargitoed,  median,  silvery  basal  stripe,  and  a  silvery  streak  along  the 
basal  portion  of  the  inner  margin.  Forewings  pale  golden,  with  four  silvery  cos- 
tal streaks,  all  except  the  last  black  margined  internally  ;  with  two  dorsal  streaks 
of  the  same  hue,  black  margined  internally.  The  first  costal  and  first  dorsal 
streaks  opposite,  quite  oblique,  and  broad  at  their  bases,  the  second  dorsal  oppo- 
site the  second  costal  streak.  The  basal  streak  is  moderately  broad,  and  extends 
quite  to  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Apical  spot  black  ;  hinder  marginal  line  black- 
ish ;  cilia  fulvous  gray.  Hindwings  gray,  cilia  fulvous  gray.  Abdomen  pale 
fulvous." 

Clemens'  description  is  given  above. 

The  mines  are  formed  on  the  underside  of  leaves  of  Oatrya  Vir- 
giniana  (Mill.)  Willd.,  usually  near  the  margin,  and  are  much 
wrinkled  when  mature.  The  larvae,  which  are  of  the  cylindrical 
type  and  pale  yellow,  spin  ovoid  cocoons  of  frass  and  silk.  Expanse 
of  the  imago  6-6.5  mm. 

Lithocolletis  rileyella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  15. 

Lithocolletis  rileyella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  236,  1875.— Walsingham, 
Ins.  Life,  ii,  25,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6254. 
Syn.  tenuistrigata  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit,  xxxvii,  225,  1876;  xxxix,  260, 
1878. 

Antennae  ocherous-white,  grayish  toward  the  tips;  face  and  palpi  white,  tuft 
ocherous. 

Thorax  and  forewings  golden  yellow,  the  thorax  with  a  white  line  across  the 
patagia,  continuous  with  a  median  white  unmargiued  basal  streak  attaining  one- 
third  of  the  wing  length.  There  are  five  costal  and  three  or  four  dorsal  white 
streaks,  all  dark  margined  internally.  The  first  costal  at  the  basal  third  is  very 
oblique  and  produced  along  the  costa  to  the  base.  The  apex  of  the  second 
oblique  costal  streak  is  opposite  the  apex  of  the  large  curved  first  dorsal  streak. 
Third  costal  streak  is  nearly  perpendicular,  curved  and  opposite  the  large  trian- 
gular second  dorsal  streak,  placed  just  before  the  tornus.  Fourth  costal  streak 
curved,  with  its  apex  meeting  that  of  the  smaller  third  dorsal  streak.  Fifth 
costal  streak  inwardly  oblique  and  opposite  the  minute  fourth  dorsal  streak, 
which  is  sometimes  wanting.  A  small  circular  apical  spot.  A  brownish  margi- 
nal line  in  the  cilia,  which  are  pale  whitish  ocherous.  Expanse  7-8  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  whitish  ocherous.  Abdomen  pale  ocherous.  Legs 
whitish  ocherous. 

Missouri  and  Texas. 

This  species  makes  a  tentiform  mine  on  the  underside  of  several 
species  of  oak. 

TBAN8.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  8BPTEMBEB,  1908. 


288  AMERICAN    MICROLEPIDOPTERA. 

Lithocolletis  kearfottella  Braun. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  16. 
Lithocolletis  kearfottella  Braun,  Ent.  News,  xix,  100,  1908. 

Antennae  grayish,  darker  toward  the  tips.  Palpi  shining  white,  with  a  slight 
golden  tinge.  Face  shining  white,  with  a  slight  golden  tinge;  tuft  reddish  saf- 
fron, scales  darker  toward  the  tips. 

Thorax  and  forewings  shining  reddish  saffron.  A  white  band  extends  across 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  thorax,  passes  over  the  patagia  and  is  continuous  with 
a  basal  white  streak.  The  basal  streak  extends  for  one-third  the  wing  length, 
nearly  parallel  to  the  costa  and  is  dark  margined  above.  Four  costal  arid  three 
dorsal  shining  white  streaks,  all  dark  margined  internally.  The  first  costal 
streak  at  the  basal  third  is  placed  very  obliquely,  and  is  produced  along  the  costa 
to  the  basal  fourth.  The  first  dorsal  streak  at  the  basal  fourth  is  very  large  and 
very  oblique.  Near  the  costa  its  apex  sometimes  unites  with  that  of  the  first 
costal  streak,  forming  a  very  acute  angle.  The  remaining  three  costal  streaks 
are  placed  at  equal  distances  from  each  other  and  from  the  first  costal  streak. 
The  second  costal  streak  is  almost  perpendicular  to  the  costa  and  wedge-shaped. 
Opposite  to  it  on  the  dorsum,  before  the  tornus,  is  the  larger  almost  perpendicu- 
larly placed  wedge-shaped  second  dorsal  streak.  The  third  costal  streak  is 
inwardly  oblique,  curved,  its  apex  pointing  toward  the  apex  of  the  third  dorsal 
streak,  which  is  small,  wedge-shaped  and  placed  beyond  the  tornus.  The  fourth 
costal  streak  is  very  oblique  and  curved.  A  large  black  apical  dot.  A  brown 
line  in  the  cilia  extending  from  the  fourth  costal  streak  around  the  apex  to  the 
third  dorsal  streak.  Cilia  grayish.  Just  below  the  fourth  costal  streak  there  is 
a  darker  brownish  streak  in  the  cilia,  giving  the  appearance  of  a  hook,  as  in  L. 
fitchella  Clem.,  but  not  as  distinct.  Alar  expanse  7  mm. 

Hindwings  pale  grayish,  with  a  slight  ocherous  tinge.  Cilia  whitish  gray, 
tinged  with  ocherous.  Abdomen  dark  gray  above,  silvery  white  beneath.  Anal 
tuft  grayish  ocherous.  Legs  silvery  white  slightly  shaded  with  ocherous,  tibiae 
and  tarsi  of  the  first  pair  very  dark  brown. 

Three  specimens,  Montclair,  N.  J.,  bred  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Kearfott, 
from  mines  on  chestnut  collected  in  October,  1901.  The  imagoes 
appeared  in  the  following  spring. 

I  have  specimens  from  Powell  Co., 
Kentucky,  on  chestnut;  and  there  are 
a  number  of  specimens  in  the  Nat.  Mus. 
collection  bred  by  Mr.  August  Busck 
on  chestnut  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  rather  small  elongate  mine  of 
this  species  is  found  upon  the  lower 
side  of  the  leaf,   where   it   is   placed 
between  two  veins.     The  pupa  is  en- 
closed in  a  loose,  semi-transparent  silken  cocoon. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  289 

Litliocolletis  caryrcalbella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  17. 
Lithocolletis  caryxalbella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  58,  85,  182,  206,  1871.— Dyar, 

Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6261. 
Syn.  caryalbella  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  iii,  328,  1891. 

"Head,  palpi,  tuft,  antennae  and  thorax  silvery  white;  basal  portion  of  the 
wing  (within  the  costal  and  dorsal  streaks)  silvery  white,  with  a  wide  pale  golden 
basal  streak  along  the  costal  margin  from  the  base  to  the  first  costal  streak.  The 
basal  white  portion  in  some  lights  suffused  with  pale  golded.  Apical  two-thirds 
or  more  of  the  wings  pale  golden,  with  four  silvery  costal  and  two  dorsal  silvery 
streaks,  all  dark  margined  internally.  The  first  dorsal  large,  oblique,  opposite 
the  first  costal,  which  is  smaller;  their  dark  margins  uniting  at  an  acute  angle 
on  the  fold,  the  streaks  themselves  being  scarcely  confluent.  Second  dorsal 
opposite  to  and  larger  than  the  second  costal ;  its  dark  margin  wide.  Third  and 
fourth  costal  streaks  small.  Apical  spot  small,  black  ;  hinder  marginal  line  at 
the  base  of  the  cilia  brown.  Cilia  pale,  fulvous.  Alar  expanse  one-fourth  inch. 
Larva  unknown.  Mines  the  under  surface  of  the  leaves  of  hickory  trees  (Carya 
alba}.  Mine  ovoid,  tent-like.  The  parenchyma  is  eaten  off  of  the  upper  cuticle 
in  a  ring,  leaving  a  green  spot  in  the  centre,  which  is  then  eaten  off.  The  pupa 
is  contained  in  an  oval  cocoon  made  of  frass.  Imago  in  July — rare." 

The  above,  which  is  Chambers'  description,  is  accurate  in  all 
details,  except  that,  as  shown  by  Chambers'  types,  the  dark  mar- 
gins of  the  first  pair  of  streaks  do  not  unite,  but  are  narrowly  sepa- 
rated by  the  pale  golden  ground  color  of  the  wing.  Kentucky  and 
Wisconsin  (Chambers). 

Lithocolletis  olivseformis  sp.  nov. 
Plate  XXI,  Fig.  18. 

Antennae  white,  grayish  toward  the  tips.  Face,  palpi,  tuft  and  thorax  pure 
snow-white. 

Forewings  pale  brownish  ocherous,  with  a  median  white  basal  streak  dark 
margined  toward  the  costa,  and  four  costal  and  two  dorsal  white  streaks,  all  dark 
margined  internally.  The  dorsal  margin  is  also  whitish  toward  the  base.  The 
first  dorsal  streak  placed  somewhat  nearer  the  base  than  the  first  costal,  has  its 
dark  margin  bent  backward  on  the  fold  for  a  short  distance,  then  continued 
obliquely  upward.  The  second  dorsal  streak  rather  large  and  triangular,  has  its 
apex  directed  toward  the  space  between  the  second  and  third  costal  streaks.  A 
small  black  apical  spot.  A  brown  marginal  line  in  the  cilia,  which  are  whitish 
ocherous.  Alar  expanse  6.5  mm. 

Hind  wings,  cilia  and  abdomen  pale  grayish  ocherous.  Legs  whitish  ocherous, 
tarsi  unspotted. 

Type.— Female,  No.  12008,  U.  8.  N.  M. 

This  species,  bred  from  Carya  olivceformis  Nutt.,  is  very  distinct 
from  carycealbella  Cham.  The  type  at  the  National  Museum  bears 
the  following  labels:  811,  Carya  oliv.  Pupa  6-VI. 

This  species  may  be  distinguished  by  the  irregular  anterior  mar- 
gin of  the  first  dorsal  streak. 

TBANB.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.  XXXIV,  (37)  OCTOBER,  1908. 


290  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Litliocolletis  martiella  sp.  nov. 
Plate  XXI,  Fig.  19. 

Antennae  brownish  gray.  Face  and  palpi  yellowish  white.  Scales  of  the  tuft 
pale  brownish  ocherous,  darker  toward  the  tips. 

Thorax  and  forewings  deep  reddish  saffron.  A  rather  broad  median  white 
basal  streak,  ending  at  one-third  the  wing  length,  is  faintly  dark  margined  above 
and  at  its  apex.  Just  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  a  curved  white  fascia 
margined  on  the  inner  side  with  brown  scales  and  shading  into  the  ground  color 
on  the  outer  side.  Beyond  this  are  three  costal  and  two  dorsal  white  streak?, 
margined  internally  with  brown  scales,  the  last  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  but 
faintly  so.  The  first  dorsal  streak,  which  begins  opposite  the  wedge-shaped,  per- 
pendicular first  costal  streak,  is  oblique,  its  apex  directed  toward  the  apex  of  the 
second  costal  streak.  Second  dorsal  streak  above  the  tornus,  points  toward  the 
second  costal  streak.  In  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing,  just  below  the  third  cos- 
tal streak,  is  a  conspicuous  black  apical  dot.  A  dark  brown  marginal  line  in  the 
cilia,  which  are  pale  grayish  brown  at  the  apex,  becoming  darker  toward  the 
tornus.  Alar  expanse  6.8  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  brownish  gray.  Abdomen  dark  brownish  gray.  Legs 
pale  brownish  gray,  tarsi  unspotted. 

Type.— Male,  No.  12003,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

A  single  specimen  of  this  very  distinct  species  was  bred  by  Dr. 
Harrison  G.  Dyar  at  Kaslo,  B.  C.  Record  number  21563,  the  food 
plant  being  given  with  some  doubt  as  birch,  which  is,  however, 
probably  correct,  as  the  species  bears  a  close  relationship  to  the 
European  birch  feeding  species,  ulmifoliella  Hb. 

Litliocolletis  gemmea  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  20. 

Lithocolletis  gemmea  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  218,  1873.— Chambers, 
Gin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  206,  1874;  ii,  227,  1875.— Can.  Ent.,  xi,  144, 
1879._Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  53,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  1902,  No.  6266. 

Antennae  dark  gray,  whitish  at  the  apices.  Face  and  palpi  pale  golden.  Tuft 
dark  brown  mixed  with  white  scales. 

Thorax  and  forewings  deep  shining  reddish  saffron.  A  very  narrow  line 
across  the  patagia  is  continuous  with  a  broader  basal  streak,  which  is  white  with 
a  golden  lustre.  The  basal  streak,  ending  at  one-third  the  wing  length,  is  dark 
margined  above  and  indistinctly  so  beneath.  On  the  dorsal  margin,  just  before 
the  apex  of  the  basal  streak  is  a  small  broad  white  spot.  Just  before  the  middle 
of  the  wing,  is  a  nearly  straight  fascia,  distinctly  margined  on  its  inner  side  with 
black,  and  with  a  few  scales  on  the  outer  side.  Beyond  the  fascia  are  two  pair 
of  streaks,  of  which  the  two  costal  and  the  first  dorsal  are  black  margined  inter- 
nally. The  first  pair  of  streaks  are  large,  triangular  and  placed  nearly  perpen- 
dicular, the  dorsal  just  before  the  tornus  with  its  apex  between  the  first  and  sec- 
ond costal  streaks.  The  second  dorsal  streak  above  the  tornus  is  small  and  oppo- 
site the  second  costal  streak.  Beyond  them,  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  291 

densely  dusted  with  brown  scales,  forming  a  large  apical  spot.     Marginal  line  in 
the  cilia  brown.     Cilia  pale  brownish  gray.     Expanse  7-7.5  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  reddish  brown.  Abdomen  and  legs  dark  brown. 
Hind  tarsi  whitish,  except  the  first  two  joints,  which  are  brown  tipped  with 
white. 

Massachusetts. 

According  to  Frey  and  Boll,  the  food  plant  of  this  species  is 
Robinia  Pseudacacia  L.,  the  mine  being  on  the  upper  side  of  the 

leaf. 

Litliocolletis  morrisella  Fitch. 

(Plate  XXI,  Fig.  21.) 

Argyromiges  morrisella  Fitch,  Kept.  Ins.  N.  Y.,  v,  336,  1859. 
Lithocolletis  morrisella  Cnambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  183,  1871. — Walsingham,  Ins.  Life, 

ii,  52,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6269. 

Syn.  texanella  Zeller,  Verb.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  xxv,  349,  1875.— Frey  and  Boll, 
Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  275,  1878,—amphicarpxella  Chambers,  Bull. 
Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iii,  137,  1877. 

Face  and  palpi  whitish  gray.  Antennae  gray,  annulate  with  dark  brown. 
Tuft  dark  brown  mixed  with  a  few  whitish  scales. 

Thorax  and  inner  margin  of  the  fore  wings  beneath  the  fold  dark  brown,  some- 
times more  golden  beyond  the  fascia.  Remainder  of  the  wing  golden  brown, 
markings  bright  shining  silvery.  In  the  fold  is  a  silvery  basal  streak,  uniting 
with  the  upper  side  of  a  nearly  perpendicular  white  dorsal  streak  at  one-third. 
A  little  beyond  this  on  the  costal  margin  is  a  somewhat  oblique  streak  dark  mar- 
gined on  both  sides.  About  the  middle  of  the  wing,  is  a  slightly  convex  or 
obtusely  angled  fascia  dark  margined  internally  and,  on  its  costal  half,  exter- 
nally. Beyond  this  are  two  perpendicular  costal  streaks  dark  margined  inter- 
nally and  the  former  also  externally.  Opposite  to  the  first  of  these  costal  streaks 
is  a  dorsal  streak  whose  apex  sometimes  meets  that  of  the  costal.  In  the  fold 
-between  this  streak  and  the  fascia  is  a  velvety  black  streak.  Opposite  the  last 
costal  streak,  there  is  sometimes  a  small  silvery  dorsal  streak.  Apical  spot 
black,  varying  in  size,  sometimes  occupying  the  entire  apex  of  the  wing.  Cilia 
gray,  becoming  darker  toward  the  tornus;  marginal  line  blackish.  Expanse 
6-7  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  brownish  gray  above,  somewhat  me- 
tallic. Legs  and  tarsi  gray,  banded  with  white. 

Eastern  U.  S.,  west  to  Colorado  and  Texas. 

This  species  may  be  bred  from  whitish  mines  on  the  under  side  of 
Falcata  comosa  (L.)  Kuntze  (=  Amphiearpa  monoica  L.). 

The  white  basal  streak,  confluent  with  the  first  dorsal  streak 
separates  this  species  from  both  robiniella  and  uhlerella. 

Lithocolletis  uhlerella  Fitch. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  22. 

Argyromigea  uhlerella  Fitch,  Eept.  Ins.  N.  Y.,  v,  337,  1859. 

Lithocolletis  uhlerella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  383,  1871.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life, 
ii,  53,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6268. 

TRANS.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


292  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Syn.  amorphteella  Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iii,  132,  137,  1877.— amorphse 
Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  275,  1878. 

Face  and  palpi  whitish  gray.  Antennae  gray,  annulate  with  dark  brown, 
Tuft  brownish. 

Thorax  and  inner  margin  of  the  forewings  beneath  the  fold  dark  brown,  more 
golden  behind.  Ground  color  of  the  remainder  of  the  wing  golden  brown.  The 
first  costal  streak  at  the  basal  third  is  somewhat  oblique  and  dark  margined  on 
both  sides.  A  little  nearer  the  base  is  the  more  perpendicularly  placed  first  dor- 
sal streak.  About  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  a  curved  or  obtusely  angulated 
white  fascia,  dark  margined  internally  and  toward  the  costa  externally.  Beyond 
this  are  two  nearly  perpendicular  white  costal  streaks,  dark  margined  internally, 
of  which  the  former  is  opposite  a  white  dorsal  streak,  just  before  the  tornus.  In 
the  fold,  between  the  fascia  and  this  dorsal  streak,  is  a  black  streak.  A  black 
apical  spot  sometimes  elongate.  Cilia  grayish,  with  a  blackish  marginal  line. 
Expanse  6-6.5  mm. 

'  Hindwings  and  cilia  brownish  gray.      Abdomen  dark  brownish  gray.      Legs 
gray,  hind  tarsi  whitish  toward  their  bases. 

Eastern  U.  S.,  west  to  Colorado  and  Texas. 

The  whitish  rather  flat  mine  of  this  species  occurs  on  the  under 
side  of  leaves  of  Amorpha  fruticosa  L. 

Uhlerella  may  be  distinguished  from  robiniella  by  the  presence 
of  the  first  white  dorsal  streak,  the  complete  median  fascia,  and  the 
less  oblique  position  of  the  streaks.  It  differs  from  morrisella  by 
the  absence  of  a  white  basal  streak. 

Lithocolletis  robiniella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  23.    ' 

Lithocolletis  robiniella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  318,  1859;  209,  I860.— 
Tin.  No.  Am.,  66,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  54,  87,  163,  183,  185, 
1871;  iv,  9,  107,  1872.— Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  228,  1875.— Bull.  Geol. 
Surv.  Terr.,  iii,  137,  1877.— Jn.  Cin.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  91, 1879.— Zeller, 
Verb,  zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  xxv,  348,  1875.— Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent. 
Zeit.,  xxxix,  275,  1878.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  189,  1903.— 
Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6267. 
Syn.  pseudacaciella  Fitch,  Eept.  Ins.  N.  Y.,  v,  335,  1859. 

Face  and  palpi  silvery  ;  antennae  and  tuft  dark  brown,  the  latter  mixed  with 
gray.  Thorax  dark  brown. 

Forewings  golden  above  the  fold,  dark  gray  dusted  with  black  below  the  fold, 
this  dark  shade  extended  to  the  costa  at  the  base,  becoming  more  golden  toward 
the  tornus.  Four  rather  large  silvery  costal  streaks,  the  first  two  oblique. 
Opposite  to  the  first  of  these,  which  is  placed  before  the  middle,  and  is  dark  mar- 
gined on  both  sides,  the  position  of  a  first  dorsal  streak  is  indicated  by  a  some- 
what lighter  shade.  The  second  at  about  the  middle,  also  dark  margined  on 
both  sides,  nearly  unites  at  an  angle  with  an  opposite  white  dorsal  streak,  dark 
margined  internally.  A  white  costal  streak  at  three-quarters,  margined  inter- 
nally with  a  curved  black  line,  nearly  unites  with  an  opposite  internally  mar- 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  293 

gined  dorsal  streak.  A  fourth  white  costal  streak,  just  before  the  apex  is  also 
internally  dark  margined.  Between  the  first  and  second  dorsal  streaks  is  a 
black  streak  in  the  fold.  A  third  streak  beyond  the  tornus  is  indicated  by  two 
or  three  white  scales.  Black  apical  spot  round  or  wedge-shaped.  Marginal  line 
nt  the  base  of  the  cilia  blackish.  Cilia  silvery  at  the  apex,  tipped  with  gray. 
Expanse  6-6.5  mm. 

Hiudwings  and  cilia  dark  gray.     Abdomen  dark  gray.     Legs  gray. 

The  larvse,  which  belong  to  the  cylindrical  group,  form  whitish 
mines  upon  either  the  upper  or  the  underside  of  leaves  of  locust, 
Robinia  pseudacacia  L.  A  white  silken  cocoon  is  spun  within  the 
mine.  This  species  occurs  throughout  the  Atlantic  States. 

Litliocolletis  auroiiitciis  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXI,  Fig.  24. 

Lithocolletis  anronitens  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  216,  1873.— Dyar, 
Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6302. 

Head  saffron  brown,  face  lighter,  antennae  light  brown,  annulate  with  darker, 
the  apex  whitish. 

Thorax  and  forewings  shining  saffron,  rather  light,  legs  yellowish  gray,  un- 
spotted ;  abdomen  dark  gray.  The  marks  of  the  forewings  have  a  strong  me- 
tallic lustre,  which  is  between  the  color  of  gold  and  silver.  There  are  four  pair 
of  streaks.  The  first  costal  streak  is  at  the  basal  fourth  of  the  wing  length  and 
is  obliquely  placed.  The  first  dorsal  streak  is  shorter,  and  nearer  the  base  than 
the  costal  streak.  Almost  in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  th  re  follow,  placed  one 
directly  above  the  other,  two  more  marks,  which  are  tall  narrow  triangles,  some- 
what dark  margined  internally,  whose  apices  touch  each  other.  The  third  pair 
of  markings  at  three-fourths  of  the  wing  length,  are  very  similar  to  the  preced- 
ing pair,  except  that  the  dorsal  triangle  lies  nearer  to  the  base  than  the  costal 
.triangle.  The  fourth  pair  of  markings,  just  before  the  apex  of  the  wing,  consists 
of  a  small  costal  streak,  which  has  inwardly  a  few  dark  scales,  and  a  small  dorsal 
streak,  which  is  placed  so  far  back  that  it  is  beyond  the  hind  angle.  In  the  apex 
is  a  black  dot,  toward  the  base  overlaid  with  metallic  scales.  Cilia  light;  a  dark 
curved  line  extends  through  them  at  the  apex. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray. 

On  the  underside  the  forewings  are  dark  brownish  gray;  the  marks  reappear 
brownish  white. 

The  larvae  live  in  fall  toward  the  end  of  October  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves 
of  Alnus  serrulata  Willd.  The  mine  is  roundish,  the  loosened  epidermis  is  much 
wrinkled,  resulting  in  the  leaf  being  rather  arched  at  this  place.  The  imagoes 
appear  in  May  and  June. 

The  above  is  a  translation  of  the  original  description. 

The  type  specimens  were  bred  by  Boll  in  Massachusetts.  In  the 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  is  a  specimen  bred  on  alder,  with  no  locality  given. 

There  is  a  very  indistinct  short  basal  streak  on  the  wings.  The 
first  costal  streak  is  very  long,  oblique  and  curved,  and  dark  mar- 

TRANS.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


294  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

gined  on  both  sides ;  the  corresponding  dorsal  streak  is  more  prop- 
erly called  a  spot,  and  is  scarcely  dark  margined.  The  expanse  is 
6.5-8.2  mm. 

Lilhocolletis  diaphaiiella  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  1. 

Lithocolletis  diaphanella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  265,  1878.— Dyar, 
Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6277. 

Head,  face,  palpi  and  tuft  snow  white.  Antennae  white,  faintly  annulate  with 
ochre-yellow;  basal  joint  ochre-yellow.  Tegulse  snow  white,  thorax  pale  golden 
yellow.  Abdomen  whitish  gray;  legs  whitish,  tarsi  annulate  with  brown. 

Forewings  pale  golden  brown,  marks  white.  There  is  a  broad  basal  streak 
without  any  dark  margining  extending  for  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  wing 
length.  It  begins  rather  broad,  and  ends  in  a  long  point  directed  toward  the 
costa.  Behind  the  middle  of  the  wing  there  is  a  small,  bent,  very  oblique  costal 
streak,  faintly  blackish  margined  toward  the  base.  There  is  a  similarly  bent 
but  broader  dorsal  streak  beginning  nearer  the  base  and  pointing  toward  the  first 
costal  streak.  On  the  costa  follow  very  small,  faintly  inwardly  dark  margined 
streaks.  A  fourth  one  is  indicated  by  a  few  white  scales.  At  the  hind  angle  is 
an  inwardly  blackish  margined  white  dorsal  triangle.  It  apex  extends  between 
the  second  and  third  costal  streaks.  From  this,  a  line  of  blackish  scales  extends 
toward  the  terrnen.  Cilia  whitish,  with  a  blackish  basal  line.  The  latter  only 
extends  around  the  apical  part  of  the  wing.  [Expanse  6  mm.] 

Hindwings  light,  yellowish  gray,  cilia  whitish. 

This  species,  the  habitat  of.  which  is  given  as  Texas,  is  an  under- 
side miner  on  scrub  oak.  A  peculiar  characteristic  of  the  mine,  as 
noted  by  Frey  and  Boll,  is  its  transparent  appearance,  when  mature, 
allowing  the  pupa  to  be  plainly  visible  through  the  epidermis. 

The  description  is  a  translation  of  the  original. 

There  is  a  specimen  of  this  species  from  Texas  in  the  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus. 

LithocolleUs  mimitella  Frey  and  Boll. 

Lithocolletis  minutella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  263,  1878.— Dyar, 
Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6276. 

Head  and  tuft  pale  golden  brown,  the  latter  mixed  with  white.  Face  and 
palpi  whitish ;  antennae  whitish,  obscurely  annulate  with  brown. 

Thorax  pale  golden  brown,  tegulse  bordered  with  whitish,  abdomen  gray,  with 
a  yellowish  white  tuft.  Legs  whitish,  all  the  tarsi  spotted  with  black. 

The  pale  golden  brown  (approaching  the  color  of  L.  faginella)  faintly  shining 
forewings  have  peculiar  white  markings.  There  is  a  short  narrow  basal  streak 
dark  margined  toward  the  costa,  ending  just  before  the  two-fifths  of  the  wing 
length.  The  first  costal  streak  beginning  at  two-fifths  is  placed  very  obliquely, 
is  dark  margined  toward  the  base,  sharply  bent  at  an  angle  in  the  fold,  and  is 
then  prolonged  as  a  very  short  spur  toward  the  dorsum  and  base.  Beginning 
under  the  apex  of  the  basal  streak,  and  extending  toward  the  costal  streak,  is  a 


ANNETTE    F.     BRAUN.  295 

rather  small  and  bent  dorsal  streak,  also  placed  very  obliquely.  It  does  not 
attain  tbe  fold,  and  ends  at  some  distance  from  tbe  short. spur  of  the  costal 
streak.  In  the  apical  half  of  the  wing  there  are  three  more  small  costal  streaks, 
dark  margined  toward  the  base.  On  the  dorsum  there  is  a  considerable  sized 
streak  of  the  shape  of  an  equilateral  triangle,  whose  apex,  covered  with  black 
scales,  projects  between  the  second  and  third  costal  streaks.  There  are  a  few 
white  scales  in  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing.  The  cilia  at  the  apex  of  the  wing 
are  shining  and  of  the  wing  color,  with  a  blackish  basal  line.  Toward  the  hind 
angle  they  become  yellowish  gray. 

Hindwings  light  gray.  Cilia  lighter.  The  underside  of  the  forewings  is 
brownish  gray. 

The  mines,  which  produced  the  specimens,  from  which  Frey  and 
Boll  described  the  species,  were  found  by  Boll  in  eastern  Texas  on 
the  underside  of  leaves  of  Quercus  rubra  L.  They  are  roundish, 
small  and  slightly  wrinkled. 

No  exact  expanse  is  given,  but  the  statement  is  made  that  the 
species  is  small. 

l.illnM  o!I<  I  is  scudderella  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  2. 

Lithocottetis  scudderella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  212,  1873.— Cham- 
bers, Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  230,  1875.— Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv, 
156,  1878.— Can.  Ent.,  xi,  72,  1879;  vii,  126,  1875.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 
S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6278. 

Of  medium  size;  however,  several  specimens  are  considerably  smaller;  rather 
broad-winged.  The  ground  color  of  the  head,  thorax  and  forewings  is  a  peculiar 
light  yellowish  brown.  This  color  is  similar  to  that  of  a  flown  specimen  of  L. 
connexella  Z.  The  forewings  are  finely  scaled.  Head  and  palpi  brownish  white. 
•Antennae  brownish  white,  annulate  with  darker.  The  legs  are  brownish  white, 
the  tibige  of  the  first  pair  are  striped  with  black.  Thorax  concolorous  with  the 
wings,  with  a  median  whitish  line.  Patagia  whitish.  Abdomen  gray,  lighter  at 
the  tip. 

The  markings  of  the  forewings  are  somewhat  indistinct,  but  are  characteristic 
because  of  the  great  accumulation  of  black  scales  in  the  region  of  the  fold.  They 
are  as  follows:  there  is  a  rather  straight  basal  streak  ending  at  one-third  tbe 
wing  length,  where  it  is  slightly  dilated.  It  is  margined  with  blackish  around 
the  apex.  The  first  pair  of  streaks  are  placed  very  obliquely.  Of  these,  the 
costal  is  the  smaller  and  is  triangular.  The  dorsal  is  of  very  peculiar  form,  in 
that  it  is  strongly  constricted  on  the  fold.  Both  are  black  margined  internally. 
Usually  the  extent  of  the  black  scales  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  dorsal  streak  is 
so  greatly  increased  as  to  form  a  considerable  sized  black  spot,  which  extends  to 
the  apex  of  the  basal  streak.  (Less  frequently  these  black  scales  are  almost 
lacking).  The  next  pair  of  streaks  are  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  length,  and  are 
also  inwardly  black  margined.  (These  black  scales  are  also  increased  so  as  to 
form  a  spot.)  The  costal  streak  is  narrow,  almost  perpendicular;  the  dorsal 
forms  a  broader  triangle,  placed  just  before  the  tornus.  Toward  the  apex  are 

TKANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


296  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

two  very  narrow,  slightly  curved  streaks.  At  the  apex  is  a  black  dot  or  a  streak, 
bordered  with  white  scales  toward  the  base.  Cilia  light,  darker  toward  the  tor- 
nus,  with  a  blackish  marginal  line  around  the  apex. 

Hindwings  dark  gray.     Cilia  somewhat  lighter. 

The  last  three  light  costal  streaks  are  visible  on  the  dark  brownish  underside 
of  the  fore  wings. 

The  larvae  are  abundant  in  October  and  November  on  several  species  of  Ralix. 
The  mine  is  on  the  underside  between  the  veins.  It  is  elongate-oval  and  some- 
what wrinkled.  The  imagoes  emerged  in  April  and  May. 

The  above  is  a  translation  of  Frey's  description  of  L.  scudderella. 
The  second  costal  streak  is  placed  rather  beyond  the  middle  than  at 
the  middle.  In  some  specimens,  there  is  also  a  third  dorsal  streak 
above  the  tornus.  The  apical  black  marking,  when  a  streak,  is 
often  margined  not  only  before  with  white  scales,  but  also  above  for 
its  whole  length.  Alar  expanse  7.5-9  mm. 

I  have  flown  specimens  taken  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  which  are  of  a 
lighter  and  more  grayish  color  than  specimens  bred  by  Mr.  W.  D. 
Kearfott  on  willow,  Essex  County  Park,  N.  J. 

LiUhocolleiis  ledella  Walsingbam. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  3. 

Lithocolletis  ledella  Walsingham,  Insect  Life,  ii,  79,  1889,— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6292. 

"Antennae  whitish,  faintly  barred  above  with  brown.  Palpi  white.  Face 
white,  frontal  tuft  saffron,  mixed  with  whitish.  Thorax  golden  saffron,  with  a 
few  white  scales. 

"Forewings  golden  saffron  with  a  white  medio-basal  streak,  somewhat  expand- 
ing outwards  on  the  fold  and  reaching  to  one-third  the  length  of  the  wing  above 
it,  this  is  dark  margined  on  its  upper  edge;  beyond  it  are  four  costal  and  four 
dorsal  silvery  white  streaks;  the  first  dorsal  commences  beneath  the  point  of  the 
basal  streak  and  extends  obliquely  outward  to  the  middle  of  the  wing,  it  is  dark 
margined  internally  and  around  its  apex  ;  the  costal  streak  above  it  is  short, 
rather  square,  and  also  internally  dark  margined;  the  second  costal  streak 
scarcely  longer  than  the  first,  is  a  little  oblique  and  also  inwardly  dark  margined  ; 
beyond  this  are  two  more  narrow  costal  streaks,  the  first  curved  outwards,  and 
dark  margined  internally,  the  second  pointing  inwards  from  above  the  apex, 
with  a  few  black  scales  at  the  extremity  ;  the  second  dorsal  streak  is  triangular, 
dark  margined  internally  and  around  the  apex,  commencing  somewhat  further 
from  the  base  than  the  second  costal  streak,  its  point  lies  between  the  second 
and  third  ;  the  last  two  of  the  four  dorsal  streaks  are  very  slender,  and  pointing 
inward,  with  a  few  black  scales  at  their  ends,  where  they  reach  the  points  of  the 
costal  streaks  above  them  ;  a  black  elongate  spot  lies  at  the  apex,  separated  from 
the  dark  apical  line  which  lies  at  the  base  of  the  golden  gray  apical  cilia. 

"Hindwings  and  cilia  gray,  with  a  faint  golden  sheen.  Abdomen  gray,  and 
tuft  paler.  Hind  tarsi  whitish  gray,  unspotted.  Alar  expanse,  9-10  mm." 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  297 

"Six  specimens,  bred  from  somewhat  folded  mines,  occupying  the 
whole  upperside  of  leaves  of  Ledum  glandulosum,  found  in  June  in 
Mendocino  County,  Cal.,  and  bred  the  same  month.  I  met  with 
this  species  also  on  the  wing  at  the  same  time  and  place.  It  appears 
to  be  nearly  allied  to  salicicolella  Sircom,  among  the  European 
species." 

The  above  is  Lord  Walsingham's  description. 

Litltocolletis  salicivorella  Braun. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  4. 
Lithocolletis  salicivorella  Braun,  Ent.  News,  xix,  101,  1908. 

Antennae  pale  grayish  ocherous,  faintly  annulate  with  darker,  somewhat 
darker  at  the  tip.  Palpi  shining  white.  Face  white.  Tuft  pale  gray,  with  an 
ocherous  tinge. 

Thorax  and  basal  third  of  the  forewings  ocherous  gray.  Wings  becoming 
more  ocherous  towards  the  apex.  A  white  band  across  the  anterior  margin  of 
the  thorax  extends  aeross  the  patagia  and  is  continuous  with  a  median  basal 
white  streak  on  the  forewings.  There  is  a  short  dorso-basal  white  streak  some- 
what dilated  posteriorly.  The  median  basal  streak  is  curved  downward  and 
extends  for  two-fifths  of  the  wing  length  where  it  is  confluent  with  the  first  dor- 
sal streak,  its  upper  edge  uniting  with  the  apex  of  the  first  dorsal  streak.  A  few 
dark  brown  scales  extend  around  the  apex  of  the  angle  thus  formed.  There  are 
four  costal  and  three  dorsal  white  streaks.  The  first  dorsal  streak  at  the  basal 
fourth  is  very  large,  oblique  and  curved.  Internally  it  is  dark  margined  just 
before  it  unites  with  the  basal  streak,  the  dark  margin  being  continued  around 
the  angle  and  for  a  short  distance  along  the  lower  side  of  the  basal  streak.  The 
extreme  edge  of  the  costa  is  dark  brown  for  about  one-third  of  the  wing  length, 
where  the  dark  line  is  deflexed  and  continues  as  the  dark  margining  of  the  first 
costal  streak,  which  is  narrow,  very  oblique,  its  apex  extending  to  a  point  just 
beyond  the  apex  of  the  first  dorsal.  The  second  costal  streak  is  large,  nearly 
perpendicular,  its  apex  opposite  to  that  of  the  second  dorsal  streak,  which  is  also 
very  large,  and  placed  slightly  nearer  the  base  than  the  corresponding  costal 
streak,  and  is  somewhat  oblique.  The  next  pair  of  streaks,  of  which  the  dorsal 
is  placed  just  above  the  tornus,  are  nearly  opposite  to  each  other,  slightly  oblique 
toward  the  base  and  curved  ;  their  apices  nearly  meet.  These  two  pair  of 
streaks  are  margined  internally  with  brown  scales.  Fourth  costal  streak  oblique, 
curved  and  unmargined.  A  narrow  line  of  black  scales  extends  from  below  the 
apex  of  the  last  costal  streak  to  near  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  is  margined  above 
by  a  line  of  white  scales.  Marginal  line  in  the  cilia  dark  brown,  extending 
around  the  apex  from  the  fourth  costal  streak  to  the  third  dorsal.  Cilia  grayish 
ocherous.  Alar  expanse  7  mm. 

Hind  wings  grayish.     Cilia  gray,  with  a  fulvous  tinge. 

Abdomen  dark  gray  above,  whitish  beneath.  Anal  tuft  grayish  ocherous. 
Legs  whitish,  banded  and  striped  with  gray. 

The  unique  type,  a  male,  of  this  species  was  bred  by  Mr.  W.  D. 

TRA.N6.  AM.   ENT.  8OC.,  XXXIV.  (38)  OCTOBER,    1908. 


298  AMERICAN    MICROLEPIDOPTERA. 

Kearfott  from  a  much  wrinkled  mine  on  the  underside  of  a  willow 
leaf,  collected  in  Essex  County  Park,  New  Jersey,  July  6,  1902. 
The  imago  appeared  July  19th. 

Lilhocolletis  deceptusella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  5. 

Lithocolletis  deceptnsella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  xi,  73,  1879. — Walsingham,  Ins. 
Life,  iii,  328,  1891.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  190,  1903. 

Face,  palpi  and  antennae  white;  antennae  faintly  annulate  with  brownish. 
Tuft  pale  brownish  ocherous,  mixed  with  white. 

Thorax  and  forewings  pale  golden  brown.  Three  longitudinal  white  streaks 
on  the  thorax,  the  median  one  continuous  with  a  short  narrow  dorso-basal  white 
streak,  the  other  two  uniting  with  the  unmargined  median  basal  streak,  which 
curves  downwards  and  unites  with  the  upper  edge  of  the  slightly  oblique  nearly 
square  first  dorsal  streak,  which  is  faintly  margined  internally  by  a  darker  shade. 
The  first  costal  streak,  a  little  beyond  it,  is  triangular,  somewhat  oblique,  and 
dark  margined  on  both  sides.  Second  costal  streak  nearly  perpendicular  and 
opposite  the  larger  triangular  second  dorsal  streak,  both  faintly  dark  margined 
before.  Last  two  costal  streaks  small,  oblique  and  faintly  internally  margined.  A 
third  dorsal  streak  above  the  tornus  is  indicated  by  its  dark  margin.  Beginning 
under  the  apex  of  the  third  costal  streak  is  a  dark  brown  streak  of  scales,  extend- 
ing to  the  apex.  A  brown  marginal  line  extends  around  the  apex,  at  the  base  of 
the  cilia,  which  are  pale  whitish  ocherous.  Expanse  6  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  grayish,  slightly  fulvous.  Forelegs  pale,  tibiae  and 
first  tarsal  joint  reddish. 

Kentucky  (Chambers). 

This  species  has  been  made  a  synonym  of  blancardella  (Walsing- 
ham, Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  x,  202,  1882).  An  examination  of 
Chambers'  type  shows  it  to  be  a  distinct  species,  not  closely  related 
to .eratcegella  or  the  other  apple  feeding  species.  It  differs  from 
cratcegella  in  the  less  oblique  first  costal  streak ;  in  the  confluence  of 
the  unmargined  basal  streak  with  the  first  dorsal  streak,  which  is 
entirely  different  from  the  first  dorsal  streak  of  eratcegella;  and  in 
the  absence  of  any  very  distinct  dark  margining  of  the  streaks. 

LUhocolletis  alnicolella  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  6. 
Lithocolletis  alnicolella  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  80,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6273. 

"Antennae  whitish,  very  faintly  spotted  above.  Palpi  white.  Face  white, 
frontal  tuft  grayish  saffron.  Thorax  pale  grayish  saffron,  touched  with  white  at 
the  sides. 

"  Forewings  pale  grayish  saffron  with  three  dorsal  and  four  costal  silvery 
white  streaks,  all  dark  margined  on  their  inner  sides  and  at  their  points ;  a  some- 
what broad  but  very  indistinct  white  medio-basal  streak  extends  above  the  fold 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  299 

to  one-third  the  wing  length,  and  a  shorter  streak  of  the  same  color  follows  the 
dorsal  margin  from  the  base  to  half  the  length  of  the  one  ahove  it;  the  first  dor- 
sal streak  is  broad,  outwardly  oblique,  and  reaching  nearly  to  the  smaller  trian- 
gular costal  streak  above  it;  in  some  specimens  it  actually  attains  to  it,  forming 
an  angulated  fascia;  the  point  of  the  second  dorsal,  also  somewhat  triangular,  is 
directed  a  little  beyond  the  point  of  the  second  costal  streak  above  it;  these  are 
both  nearly  perpendicular;  the  third  dorsal  very  small;  arising  opposite  the 
space  between  the  third  and  fourth  costal  streaks;  it  reaches  to  the  apex  of  the 
former;  the  end  of  the  wing  is  enclosed  by  a  dark  semi-circular  line  at  the  base 
of  the  cilia,  within  which  is  an  elongate  blackish  spot ;  cilia  are  grayish,  with  a 
faint  saffron  tinge. 

"Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  grayish.  Abdomen  gray  above,  anal  tuft  scarcely 
paler.  Posterior  tibiae,  whitish,  unspotted.  Expanse  6  mm." 

"Two  specimens  were  bred  from  larvae  found  mining  the  upper 
sides  of  leaves  of  Alnus  incana  on  Mount  Shasta,  Siskiyou  Count}7, 
Cal.,  in  August,  1871,  in  which  month  the  perfect  insects  emerged. 
Three  other  specimens  were  met  with  on  the  wing,  also  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Mount  Shasta." 

The  above  is  Lord  Walsingham's  description. 

Lithocolletis  alni  Walsingham. 
Lithocolletis  alni  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  iii,  326,  1891.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat. 

Mus.,  1902,  No.  6274. 
Syn.  alnivorella  Chambers  (not  Ragonot),  Gin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  302,  1875. — Bull. 

Ge.ol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iii,  139,  1877. 

"Palpi  and  antennae  rather  short  for  this  genus,  and  tuft  on  the  vertex  also 
small ;  face,  palpi,  under  surface  of  the  thorax  and  abdomen  and  the  legs  silvery, 
the  palpi  a  little  darker  on  the  outer  surface;  antennae  and  tuft  silvery  fuscous, 
or  perhaps  as  correctly  ash-brown  ;  upper  surface  of  thorax  and  forewings  egg- 
yellow,  varying  to  golden  with  change  of  light.  There  is  a  short  basal,  silvery 
white  streak  along  the  dorsal  margin  of  the  forewings,  and  a  longer  median 
basal  streak  of  the  same  color,  and  dark  margined  toward  the  costa.  A  silvery 
white  fascia  immediately  before  the  middle,  posteriorly  obtusely  angulated  about 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  dark  margined  before,  the  dark  margin  becoming 
more  diffuse  along  the  dorsal  margin,  where  it  is  produced  forwards  until  it  meets 
the  basal  dorsal  white  streak  ;  the  point  of  the  angle  of  the  fascia  is  sometimes 
margined  behind  by  a  small  dark  brown  spot,  and  the  fascia  is  widest  «on  the 
dorsal  margin  ;  just  behind  the  middle  is  a  costal  silvery  white  streak,  and  oppo- 
site to  it  is  a  dorsal  one,  both  strongly  dark  margined  before,  and  both  pointing 
a  little  obliquely  backwards,  this  dorsal  streak  is  placed  immediately  before  the 
cilia,  and  a  little  further  back  is  a  small  triangular  dorsal  silvery  spot,  dark  mar- 
gined before;  opposite  to  the  space  between  these  two  is  a  straight  silvery  costal 
streak,  also  dark  margined  before,  which  sometimes  bends  backwards  and  unites 
with  the  second  of  the  dorsal  streaks  referred  to  above;  whilst  its  dark  margin 
bends  forwards  and  unites  with  the  dark  margin  of  the  first  one;  further  back 
is  a  third  costal  streak,  which  is  small,  straight  and  dark  margined  before. 

TKANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.  XXXIV.  OCTOBER.  1908. 


300  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEP1DOPTERA. 

Apical  spot  triangular  and  dark  brown;  cilia  silvery  fuscous;  hindwings  and 
cilia  a  little  darker  than  the  cilia  of  the  forewiugs.  Abdomen  shining  bluish 
black  on  its  upper  surface.  Alar  expanse  less  than  one-third  inch.  Spanish  Bar. 
The  larva  is  cylindrical,  and  makes  a  large  tentiform  mine  on  the  under  surface 
of  the  leaves  of  an  Alnus." 

The  above  is  Chambers'  description.  This  species  is  apparently 
close  to  alnicolella  Wlsm.,  the  principal  difference  being  in  the  lar- 
val habits,  as  noted  by  Lord  Walsingham,  under  his  description  of 
alnicolella.  I  have  seen  no  specimen  and  no  type  is  in  existence. 

Lithocolletis  malimalifoliella  Braun. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  7. 
Lithocolletis  malimalifoliella  Braun,  Ent.  News,  xix,  101,  1908. 

Antennae  gray.  Palpi  silvery  white.  Face  silvery  white.  Tuft  golden  brown, 
tipped  with  dark  brown. 

Thorax  and  forewings  golden  brown.  There  are  three  longitudinal  stripes  on 
the  thorax,  one  median,  the  other  two  passing  over  the  patagia  and  continuous 
with  a  median  white  basal  streak,  ending  at  one-third  the  wing  length  and  dark 
margined  above  and  around  the  tip  behind.  The  dorsal  margin  is  also  white  for 
a  short  distance.  There  are  three  costal  and  two  dorsal  white  streaks  of  which  the 
dorsal  are  the  larger,  all  dark  margined  before,  and  the  first  pair  dark  margined 
at  the  tip  behind.  The  first  costal  at  the  basal  third  is  small,  oblique.  The  first 
dorsal  at  the  basal  fourth  is  very  large,  oblique  and  curved,  ending  just  before 
the  apex  of  the  first  costal.  The  second  costal  streak  is  small,  nearly  perpendic- 
ular, and  opposite  the  second  dorsal,  which  is  triangular,  and  placed  just  before 
the  tornus.  The  third  costal  streak,  at  the  same  distance  from  the  second  as  the 
latter  is  from  the  first,  is  somewhat  oblique,  pointing  forward.  A  third  dorsal 
streak  is  indicated  by  the  dark  margin.  An  elongate  black  apical  spot,  witb  a 
few  scattered  brown  scales  before  it.  Marginal  line  in  the  cilia  blackish  with  a 
distinct  blue  lustre  around  the  apex.  Cilia  gray,  brownish  around  the  apex. 
Alar  expanse  5.5-6  mm. 

Hindwings  dark  gray.  Cilia  gray.  Abdomen  very  dark  gray  above,  silvery 
white  beneath.  Legs  gray,  hind  tarsi  blackish,  grayish  at  their  bases. 

I  have  bred  this  species  from  small  tentiform  mines  on  the  under- 
side of  leaves  of  apple,  Mains  Mains  (L.)  Britton.  The  appearance 
of  the  mine  is  entirely  different  from  that  of  L.  cratcegella  Clem. 
The  mine  is  much  wrinkled,  and  the  leaf  is  strongly  folded.  The 
parenchyma  is  eaten  in  spots,  giving  the  leaf  a  speckled  appearance 
on  the  upperside.  The  pupa  is  suspended  in  a  few  silken  threads. 
I  also  have  flown  specimens  from  Montclair,  N.  J.,  which  are  identi- 
cal with  the  bred  specimens. 

There  are  two  specimens  of  this  species  in  the  Museum  of  Com- 
parative Zoology  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  bred  by  Chambers  on  quince, 
in  Kentucky. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  301 

The  mine  also  occurs  on  Cratcegus  mollis  Scheele,  and  then  the 
parenchyma  is  almost  completely  consumed. 

Occasionally,  specimens  of  cratcegella  occur  in  which  the  fourth 
costal  streak  is  wanting,  but  malimalifoliella  may  be  distinguished 
from  these  by  the  relative  position  of  the  third  costal  streak,  which 
is  placed  farther  back,  almost  equally  dividing  the  space  between 
the  second  costal  and  the  apex. 

Lithocolletis  cratcegella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  8. 
Lithocolletis  cratsegella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  324, 1859;  208,  I860.— 

Tin.  No.  Am  ,  76,  141,  1872.— Chamber?,  Can.  Ent,,  iii,  55,  108,  1871; 

v,  50,  1873;  xi,  73,  1879.— Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  100,  1878.— Wal- 

siugham,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  x,  202,  1882.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 

Wash.,  v,  190,  1903. 

Antennae  dark  silvery  gray.  Face  and  palpi  silvery.  Tuft  dark  brown,  mixed 
with  whitish  scales. 

Thorax  and  forewings  brownish  golden,  with  a  silvery  basal  streak  continuous 
with  a  white  line  on  each  side  of  the  thorax  and  extending  for  two-fifths  of  the 
wing  length,  black  margined  toward  the  costa  and  around  its  pointed  apex. 
Dorsal  margin  narrowly  white  toward  the  base.  Four  costal  and  two  or  three 
white  dorsal  streaks,  of  which  the  first  costal  and  the  first  two  dorsal  streaks 
are  dark  margined  on  both  sides,  the  others  internally  only.  The  first  costal 
streak,  beginning  at  two-fifths,  is  oblique  and  rounded  beneath,  its  internal  mar- 
gin produced  along  the  costa  to  the  base.  The  other  three  costal  streaks  are 
nearly  perpendicular.  The  first  dorsal  streak,  somewhat  nearer  the  base  than 
the  first  costal  streak,  also  oblique,  its  apex  a  little  beyond  that  of  the  first  costal 
streak,  which  it  also  touches.  Second  dorsal  streak  triangular,  just  before  the 
•tornus  and  opposite  the  second  costal  streak.  From  the  space  between  the  second 
pair  of  streaks,  a  streak  of  dark  scales  extends  to  the  apex.  Marginal  line  in 
cilia  blackish,  with  a  decided  bluish  lustre.  Cilia  grayish  ocherous.  Expanse 
6.5-7  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  dark  gray  above,  silvery  beneath,  with 
more  ocherous  anal  tuft.  Legs  grayish,  hind  tarsi  spotted  with  fuscous  above. 

An  underside  miner  on  several  related  plants,  viz. :  Cratcegus 
sp.,  apple,  and  wild  cherry,  Prunus  serotina  Ehrh.  The  mine  is 
rather  small,  usually  lying  between  two  veins.  A  common  species 
in  the  eastern  United  States. 

This  species  is  distinct  from  any  of  the  apple  feeding  species  of 
Europe.  It  has  been  made  a  synonym  of  L.  blancardella  Fab., 
from  which  it  differs  in  the  much  smaller  size,  more  pointed  basal 
streak,  and  less  oblique  first  pair  of  streaks. 


TBANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


302  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA. 

Lithocolletis  propinquinella  sp.  nov. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  9. 

Antennae  dark  gray.  Face  and  palpi  silvery.  Tuft  dark  brown  mixed  with 
whitish  scales. 

Thorax  brownish  golden,  with  a  white  line  across  the.  anterior  margin,  passing 
over  the  patagia  and  continuous  with  the  basal  streak  on  the  forewings.  Fore- 
wings  brownish  golden  in  the  male  and  darkened  with  brownish  scales  along 
the  middle  and  in  the  dorsal  half;  more  golden  in  the  female.  The  rather  broad 
basal  streak,  pointed  at  the  apex,  ends  at  about  two-fifths  of  the  wing  length 
and  is  black  margined  above  and  around  its  apex.  Dorsal  margin  narrowly 
white  toward  the  base.  Four  costal  and  three  dorsal  white  streaks.  First  costal 
just  before  the  middle,  very  oblique,  and  dark  margined  internally  and  around 
its  tip  behind.  The  other  three  costal  streaks  nearly  perpendicular  and  dark 
margined  internally  only.  First  dorsal  streak  commencing  much  nearer  the 
base  than  the  first  costal,  long  and  oblique,  its  apex  reaching  beyond  that  of  the 
first  costal,  sometimes  almost  to  the  space  between  the  second  costal  and  dorsal 
streaks.  It  is  dark  margined  on  both  sides.  In  the  male  its  internal  dark  mar- 
gin is  indented  on  the  fold,  in  the  female  it  is  almost  regularly  inwardly  convex. 
An  accumulation  of  blackish  brown  scales,  densest  in  the  male,  between  the  sec- 
ond pair  of  streaks  extends  backward  along  the  middle  of  the  wing  to  the  apex. 
Marginal  line  in  the  cilia  blackish,  with  a  bluish  metallic  luster.  Cilia  grayish 
ocherous,  less  gray  in  the  female.  Expanse  8-9  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  grayish,  with  a  fulvous  tinge.  Abdomen 
dark  gray  above,  silvery  beneath.  Anal  tuft  grayish  in  the  male, 
ocherous  in  the  female.  Legs  grayish  ocherous,  tarsi  gray  above. 

A  common  underside  miner  on  wild  cherry,  Prunus  serotina  Ehrh. 

A  much  more  common  species  than  L.  cratcegella  Clemens,  and 
more  closely  related  to  the  European  blancardella,i'rom  which,  how- 
ever, it  is  distinct.  It  differs  from  cratcegella  in  the  much  larger 
size  and  the  more  oblique  first  dorsal  streak,  which  is  also  relatively 
much  nearer  the  base  of  the  wing  than  in  cratcegella. 

Lithocolletis  incanella  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  10. 
Lithocolletis  incanella  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  81,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6272. 

"Antennae  whitish,  faintly  spotted  above.  Palpi  shining  white.  Face  shining 
white,  frontal  tuft  white,  with  a  few  saffron  scales  at  the  sides.  Thorax  bright 
reddish  saffron,  with  a  thin  whitish  line  running  around  its  anterior  margin  arid 
communicating  with  the  basal  streak  on  the  forewing. 

"Forewings  bright  brownish  saffron,  with  a  long  slender  medio-basal  white 
streak  without  dark  margins,  four  costal  and  three  dorsal  streaks  of  the  same 
color,  sometimes  with  a  slight  metallic  sheen  ;  the  first  costal  streak  is  a  little 
before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  oblique  and  pointed,  with  a  scarcely  perceptible 
dark  dusting  along  its  inner  margin  ;  the  first  dorsal  streak  commences  a  little 
nearer  to  the  base ;  it  is  dark  margined  internally,  and  is  somewhat  wider  than 


ANNETTE    F.     BRAUN.  303 

and  reaches  a  little  beyond  the  costal  streak  beyond  it;  the  second  costal  streak 
is  small  and  points  slightly  outwards;  the  third  is  nearly  perpendicular;  the 
fourth  points  slightly  inwards  from  a  little  before  the  apex  ;  these  three  are  all 
dark  margined  on  their  inner  edge;  opposite  to  these  are  the  second  and  third 
dorsal  streaks;  the  second  is  triangular,  wider  at  the  base  and  dark  margined 
internally,  its  black  dusting  communicating  with  a  patch  of  similar  blackish 
scales  at  its  apex,  extending  to  the  second  costal  streak  above  it;  the  third  dorsal 
streak  is  short,  pointing  inwards  and.  dark  margined  on  both  sides,  its  outer  mar- 
gin being  continuous  with  a  dark  line  at  the  base  of  the  cilia,  which  encircles  the 
tip  of  the  wing,  reaching  to  the  exterior  costal  streak  ;  within  this  line,  but  sep- 
arate from  it,  is  an  elongate  apical  spot  of  somewhat  disconnected  blackish 
scales,  the  cilia  pale  grayish. 

"Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  grayish.  Abdomen  dark  gray  above,  anal  tuft 
somewhat  paler.  Hind  tarsi  white,  tipped  with  grayish  and  two  grayish  saffron 
spots  above.  Expanse  9  mm.'1 

"  The  larva  feeds  in  mines  on  the  underside  of  Alnus  incana 
toward  the  end  of  June  in  Colusia  County,  Cal.,  the  perfect  insects 
emerged  in  July,  1871.  Seven  specimens  were  bred,  and  the  species 
was  also  met  with  on  the  wing  at  Burney  Creek  (near  Pit  River), 
Shasta  County,  Cal." 

The  above  is  Lord  Walsingham's  description. 

The  mines  also  occur  upon  the  upperside  of  the  leaf.  I  have  bred 
a  large  series  of  specimens  on  a  species  of  Alnus  from  Alameda 
County,  Cal.,  where  the  mines  are  very  common  on  the  upperside 
of  the  leaf,  but  appear  very  rarely  on  the  lower  side.  Some  speci- 
mens have  the  basal  streak  faintly  margined  above,  especially 
toward  the  apex. 

Litliocolletis  populiella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  11. 
Lithocolletis  populiella  Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  101,  1878.— Dyar, 

Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6331. 

"Palpi,  head,  tnft,  antennse,  under  surface  of  the  thorax,  legs,  and  abdomen 
pure  snowy  white;  upper  surface  of  abdomen  and  forewiugs  pale  golden  ;  there 
are  three  white  longitudinal  streaks  on  the  thorax  (one  median,  and  continuous 
with  a  dorso-basal  white  streak  on  the  wings,  the  other  two  passing  over  the 
tegulse,  and  continuous  with  a  median  basal  white  streak  on  the  wings) ;  there 
is  also  a  costo-basal  white  streak  on  the  foi'ewings,  and  these  three  basal  wing 
streaks  are  of  about  equal  length,  and  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  length  of  the 
wings.  Immediately  behind  the  dorso-basal  streak,  and  scarcely  distinct  from  it 
(probably  sometimes  confluent  with  it),  is  the  first  dorsal  streak,  which  ap- 
proaches a  square  form,  and  is  dark  margined  before  and  above.  Almost  oppo- 
site to  this  dorsal  streak,  bu^  a  little  behind  it,  is  the  first  costal  streak ;  it  is 
oblique,  not  pointed,  and  is  dark  margined  before.  The  second  costal  and  second 

TRANS.  AM.  KNT.  SOC..  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


304  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

dorsal  are  opposite  each  other,  the  costal  one  being  the  largest  of  the  two,  trian- 
gular and  dark  margined  before.  The  third  costal  and  third  dorsal  are  nearly 
opposite,  the  costal  being  perhaps  a  little  farther  back,  and  being  larger  than  the 
dorsal,  and  larger  also  than  the  second  costal ;  both  are  dark  margined  before. 
These  are  the  only  three  dorsal  streaks.  The  fourth  costal  is  just  before  the 
apex,  points  a  little  obliquely  forward,  and  is  margined  behind  by  a  small  apical 
patch  of  brown  dusting.  Cilia  white,  with  a  brownish  hinder  marginal  line  at 
their  base.  Alar  expansion  one-fourth  of  an  inch.  Ohio  and  Kentucky." 

The  above  is  Chambers'  original  description.  The  second  and 
third  costal  streaks  can  scarcely  be  said  to  be  larger  than  their  cor- 
responding dorsal  streaks;  usually  they  are  about  the  same  size. 
There  is  also  some  variation  in  the  amount  of  apical  brown  dusting ; 
sometimes  it  only  consists  of  two  or  three  scales.  The  expanse  is 
6-7  mm. 

I  have  bred  this  species  from  tentiform  mines  on  the  underside  of 
the  leaves  of  the  silver  leaf  poplar,  Populus  alba  L.,  the  same  food 
plant  from  which  Chambers  bred  this  species.  The  mines  are  ex- 
ceedingly small,  oval,  9-10  mm.  long,  and  4-5  mm.  broad ;  an  indis- 
tinct fold  extends  through  the  long  axis.  They  are  scarcely  visible 
on  the  lower  side,  owing  to  the  peculiar  tomentose  texture  of  the 
leaf,  and  on  the  upperside  may  be  distinguished  by  the  speckled 
appearance  of  the  leaf,  caused  by  the  larva  eating  the  parenchyma 
in  spots.  The  pupa  is  not  enclosed  in  a  cocoon,  but  its  anal  end  is 
attached  to  a  small  button  of  silk  toward  one  end  of  the  roof  of 
the  mine. 

Lithocolletis  sexnotella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  12. 

Lithocolletis  sexnotella  Chambers,  Jn.  Cin.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  189,  1879.— Dyar, 
Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6282. 

Face  and  palpi  white;  antennae  whitish,  darker  at  the  tips;  tuft  very  pale 
golden. 

Thorax  and  forewings  very  pale  golden.  Four  costal  and  three  dorsal  white 
streaks  (the  third  dorsal  obscure  and  sometimes  wanting);  of  these  the  first  two 
pair  are  dark  margined  internally,  the  first  dorsal  also  faintly  around  the  tip. 
First  costal  very  oblique,  small  and  opposite  the  large  curved  first  dorsal.  Sec- 
ond dorsal  opposite  the  space  between  the  second  and  third  costal  streaks.  A 
small  dark  brown  apical  spot.  Marginal  line  at  the  base  of  the  cilia  brownish, 
with  a  pale  blue  metallic  luster.  Cilia  whitish,  slightly  tinged  with  golden. 
Alar  expanse  7-7.5  mm. 

Hiudwings  and  cilia  pale  yellowish.  Abdomen  above  ocherous  in  the  female, 
gray  in  the  male,  beneath  whitish.  Legs  yellowish  white,  tarsi  unspotted. 

This  species  was  described  by  Chambers  from  a  Kentucky  speci- 
men, and  the  type  is  deposited  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  305 

Zoology,  Cambridge,  Mass.  A  number  of  specimens  collected  by 
Mr.  W.  D.  Kearfott,  in  Pike  County,  Penna.,  are  identical  with 
the  type. 

While  very  closely  allied  to  ceriferella  Clem.,  sexnotella  may  be 
distinguished  by  its  paler  color,  the  pure  white  dorsal  and  costal 
streaks,  and  by  having  its  second  dorsal  streak  opposite  the  space 
between  the  second  and  third  costal  streaks.  The  internal  margins 
of  the  corresponding  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  never  unite  in  the 
middle  of  the  wing. 

Litliocolletis  seriferella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  13. 

Lithocolletis  seriferella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  320,  1859.— Tin.  No. 
Am.,  64,  68,  1872.— Chambers,  Cau.  Ent.,  iii,  183,  1871.— Cin.  Quart. 
Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  104,  1875.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  187,  1903.— 
Dyar.  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6281. 

"Antennae  dark  brown  above,  white  beneath.  Front  silvery  white;  tuft  dark 
brown.  Forewings  pale  reddish  saffron,  with  a  golden  hue,  especially  from  the 
middle  to  the  base,  with  four  silvery  costal  streaks,  the  first  on  the  middle  of  the 
costa,  and  all,  except  the  lust,  black  margined  toward  the  base,  the  third  but 
faintly,  and  the  costa  black  from  the  base  to  the  first  costal  streak.  Three  sil- 
very dorsal  streaks  on  the  inner  margin,  the  first  two  large  and  the  third  small, 
the  first  black  margined  internally  and  around  the  tip  behind,  the  second  by  a 
line  curved  above.  Apical  spot  small  and  black,  with  the  scales  behind  it  having 
a  bluish  splendent  lustre;  hinder  marginal  line  blackish;  cilia  dark  grayish, 
with  a  fulvous  hue.  Hind  wings  dark  gray,  cilia  fulvous. 

"The  larva  may  be  found  in  the  leaves  of  oaks  in  September  and  early  in 
October.  It  makes  a  small  mine  on  the  under  surface,  and  the  leaf  is  thrown 
into  a  fold  previously  to  pupation  and  the  cuticles  folded  and  corrugated.  .  The 
pupa  is  contained  in  an  ovoid  cocoon,  within  the  mine,  composed  of  "frass" 
and  silk.  The  imago  appears  in  May.  The  body  of  the  larva  is  cylindrical. 
The  head  is  pale  brown;  the  body  yellow,  with  a  broad,  vascular,  reddish 
brown  band." 

The  above  is  Clemens'  description. 

The  white  color  of  the  costal  and  dorsal  streaks,  especially  the 
first  pair,  is  often  suffused  with  pale  golden.  The  margins  of  the 
second  and  the  third  costal  streaks,  in  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
where  they  are  of  a  dull  leaden  color,  unite  with  the  margins  of 
their  opposite  dorsal  streaks.  In  some  of  my  specimens  bred  at 
Cincinnati  from  mines  on  Quereus  imbricaria  Michx.,  the  dark  mar- 
gin of  the  second  dorsal  streak  is  very  heavy  and  conspicuous. 

Expanse  7-8.5  mm.    * 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.,  XXXIV.  (39)  OCTOBER,    1908. 


306  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Lithocolletis  obsoleta  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  14. 

Lithocolletis  obsoleta  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  211,  1873.— Chambers, 
Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  202,  1874.— Dyar,   Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas., 
1902,  No.  6279. 
Syn.  obsoletella  Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  155,  1878. 

Antennas  whitish  ocherous.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Tuft  whitish  in  the 
center,  brownish  toward  the  sides. 

Thorax  and  forewings  ocherous.  There  are  four  costal  and  two  dorsal  streaks, 
faintly  indicated  by  a  lighter  shade.  In  some  of  the  type  specimens  these 
streaks  are  almost  obsolete,  the  wing  then  being  nearly  unicolorous.  The  first 
pair  of  streaks  just  before  the  middle  are  very  oblique,  the  dorsal  being  the 
larger.  The  triangular  second  dorsal  streak  is  opposite  the  space  between  the 
second  and  third  costal  streaks.  In  the  apical  part  of  the  wing  is  an  indistinct 
brownish  spot,  sometimes  wanting.  An  indistinct  brownish  line  in  the  cilia  has 
a  faint  bluish  lustre  around  the  apex.  Cilia  whitish  ocherous,  darker  toward 
the  tornus.  Expanse  8  mm. 

Hindwings  grayish  ocherous,  with  slightly  paler  cilia.  Abdomen  in  male 
grayish,  in  female  pale  ochreous.  Legs  whitish  ocherous,  tarsi  not  at  all  or  but 
faintly  spotted. 

Hab. — Massachusetts,  the  locality  from  which  the  type  specimens 
were  obtained.  Easily  distinguished  from  all  other  species  by  the 
absence  of  any  clearly  defined  markings. 

Litliocolleti*  argentinotella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  15. 
Lithocolletis  argentinotella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  321,  1859.— Tin. 

No.  Am.  66,  78, 1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  148, 1871 ;  xi,  89, 1879.— 

Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  213,  1873.— Chambers,  Cin. 

Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  202,  1874;   ii,  101,  1875.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 

Wash.,  v,  190,  1903.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6283. 
"Antennse  silvery.  Front  and  tuft  silvery.  Thorax  pale  reddish  saffron,  with 
a  rather  short,  unmargined,  silvery  basal  streak,  with,  five  costal  and  four  dorsal 
streaks  of  the  same  hue.  The  first  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  unmargined,  the 
first  dorsal  being  near  the  inner  angle  of  the  base,  tapering  to  a  point  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing  from  a  very  broad  base  ;  the  first  costal  streak  rather  slender,  and 
only  one-half  as  long  as  the  first  dorsal;  the  second  costal  and  second  dorsal  con- 
nected about  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  dark  margined  toward  the  base  by  a 
line  much  curved  in  the  middle;  the  third  costal  and  third  dorsal  opposite,  and 
each  dark  margined  internally;  the  fourth  dorsal  about  midway  between  the 
fourth  and  fifth  costal  streaks;  sometimes  the  fourth  costal  and  dorsal  streaks 
with  a  few  dark  internal  scales,  sometimes  unmargined.  At  the  apex  is  a  small 
patch  of  scattered  black  scales;  the  hinder  marginal  line  rather  indistinct;  cilia 
saffron,  paler  on  inner  margin.  Hindwings  shining  silver-gray,  cilia  rather 
darker." 

The  above  is  Clemens'  description. 


ANNETTE    F.     BRAUN.  307 

A  white  transverse  band  across  the  anterior  margin  of  the  thorax, 
crossing  the  patagia,  continuous  with  the  basal  streak,  is  not  men 
tinned  in  the  description.     The  tuft  is  golden  at  the  apex.     Abdo- 
men   yellowish    fuscous   above;    anal   tuft   yellow.     Legs  whitish, 
spotted  with  brown.     Alar  expanse  6.5-8  mm. 

Bred  from  underside  mines  on  elm,  Ulmus  fulva  Michx.  and 
Ulmus  Americana  L.  The  pupa  is  formed  within  a  transparent 
silken  web,  occupying  half  the  mine. 

Lithocolletis  occitanica  Frey  and  Boll. 

Lithocolletis  occitanica  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxvii,  224,  1876;  xxxix, 
270,  1878.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6284. 

Face  and  palpi  white;  tuft  white,  with  a  few  brownish  scales;  antennae  whit- 
ish, faintly  annulate  with  yellowish;  legs  whitish,  spotted  with  brown.  Abdo- 
men gray. 

The  thorax  (with  a  white  line  across  the  patagia)  and  the  forewings  are  deep 
saffron.  They  are  lustreless,  and  their  markings  are  pure  white.  At  the  base 
of  the  wings  in  the  fold  there  is  a  very  short  white  streak.  At  the  basal  fifth 
there  begins  on  the  dorsal  margin  a  broad,  back  ward  ly  bent,  oblique  cross  streak, 
whose  pointed  apex  does  not  reach  the  costal  margin.  At  the  middle  of  the 
wing  length  there  is  a  narrow,  slightly  horse-shoe  shaped  complete  fascia, 
inwardly  narrowly  dark  margined.  A  third  similarly  formed  fascia  appears  at 
three-quarters  of  the  wing  length.  Each  of  these  is  darkened  or  interrupted  in 
its  costal  half,  as  in  the  middle  by  a  group  of  brown  scales.  In  the  apical  part 
of  the  wing  there  are  some  more  scattered  brownish  scales.  The  cilia  around  the 
apex  are  saffron  gray,  around  the  hind  angle  entirely  light  yellowish  gray. 

The  hindwings  and  cilia  are  whitish. 

According  to  Frey  and  Boll,  whose  description  is  given  above, 
this  species  may  be  bred  from  an  underside  rather  arched  mine  on 
Ulmus  fulva  Michx. 

Hab.— Texas. 

J  have  had  no  opportunity  of  examining  specimens  of  this  spe 
cies.  Further  study  and  breeding  of  a  large  series  may  show  that 
it  is  not  specifically  distinct  from  argentinotella  Clem. 

Lithocolletis  apicinigrella  sp.  nov. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  16;  Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  23. 

Antennae  pale  grayish  ocherous.  Face  and  palpi  whitish.  Tuft  grayish  ocher- 
ous,  mixed  with  brown  and  white  scales. 

Thorax  and  forewings  pale  grayish  ocherous.  Markings  ocherous  white  and 
usually  very  indistinct  and  ill-defined.  When  distinct,  they  consist  of  a  pale 
unmargined  basal  streak  extending  for  one-fourth  the  wing  length  in  the  fold, 
then  bent  upward  toward  the  costa ;  a  dorso-basal  streak  continuous  with  a  me- 
dian line  on  the  thorax  and  uniting  with  the  first  dorsal  streak ;  just  before  the 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,    1908. 


308  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

middle  an  oblique  costal  and  a  dorsal  streak,  faintly  or  not  at  all  dark  margined 
internally,  which  sometimes  unite  to  form  an  angulated  fascia;  three  more 
nearly  perpendicular  costal  streaks;  a  dorsal  streak  before  the  toruus,  oblique 
and  pointing  toward  the  third  costal  streak;  sometimes  two  more  dorsal  streaks 
above  the  tornus,  which  unite  with  the  third  and  fourth  costal  streaks  respec- 
tively, thus  enclosing  the  apex,  which  then  contains  a  small  patch  of  blackish 
scales.  Usually,  the  last  two  dorsal  streaks  are  wanting,  and  the  black  scales  are 
so  increased  as  to  occupy  the  entire  apex,  a  line  of  them  extending  to  the  tor- 
nus. Often  all  of  the  marks  are  very  ill-defined  and  the  entire  thorax  and  dor- 
sal portion  of  the  wing  below  the  fold  is  of  the  pale  color,  and  the  black  area 
at  the  apex  is  very  pronounced.  Alar  expanse  6.5-7.5  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  grayish  ocherous.  Abdomen  pale  gray,  with  silvery 
anal  tuft.  Legs  pale  silvery  ocherous. 

Described  from  a  series  of  specimens  bred  from  mines  on  the 
underside  of  leaves  of  a  species  of  Salix,  received  from  Mr.  G.  R. 
Pilate,  Mills  College,  Alameda  Co.,  Cal.,  and  from  two  captured 
specimens  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  from  Seattle,  Wash.  (Prof.  T. 
Kincaid,  collector). 

Lithocolletis  basistrigella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  17. 

Lithocolletis  basistrigella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  321,  1859.— Tin.  No. 
Am.,  39,  65,  69,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  148,  166,  182,  1871.— 
Gin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  205,  1874.— Walsingham,  Insect  Life,  ii,  25, 
1889.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  188,  1903.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 
S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6301. 
Syn.  intermedia  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit,  xxxiv,  210, 1873.— Chambers,  Gin. 

Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  230,  1875. 

"Antennae  silvery.  Front  silvery,  tuft  fulvous,  mixed  with  silvery.  Thorax 
pale,  reddish  golden,  with  a  white  streak  on  each  side,  and  one  in  the  middle. 
Forewings  shining  ocherous  saffron,  with  a  slender  unmargined  white  basal 
streak  in  the  fold,  a  white  basal  streak  along  the  costa,  narrowly  dark  margined 
on  the  extreme  costa,  extended  to  the  first  costal  streak,  which  is  silvery  white, 
very  oblique  and  unmargined  ;  behind  this  are  three  small  costal  streaks  of  the 
same  hue,  the  two  central  dark  margined  internally.  Opposite  the  first  costal 
streak  is  a  long,  very  oblique,  silvery  white  dorsal  streak,  extending  along  the 
inner  margin  to  the  base,  with  dark  brown  scales  between  their  hinder  ends,  or 
exterior  to  the  tip  of  the  dorsal  streak,  but  sometimes  absent.  Nearly  opposite 
the  third  costal  streak  is  a  dorsal  silvery  streak  dark  margined  internally.  No 
apical  spot,  sometimes  with  dispersed  brown  scales  beneath  the  last  costal  spot. 
The  hinder  marginal  line  blackish  ;  cilia  pale  fulvous.  Posterior  wings  gray; 
cilia  gray,  with  a  fulvous  hue." 

The  alar  expanse,  omitted  in  the  original  description,  is  8  mm. 

The  mines  of  this  species  are  very  common  on  the  underside  of 
leaves  of  oaks.  The  mine  lies  between  two  veins  and  is  nearly  rec- 
tangular in  shape  and  unwrinkled.  At  the  time  of  pupation,  the 


ANNETTE    F.     BRAUN.  309 

frass,  which  has  been  deposited  along  the  edges  of  the  mine,  is  col- 
lected and  made  into  an  oval  ring-like  wall  of  the  cocoon,  leaving 
the  cuticle  transparent,  through  which  the  pupa  is  plainly  visible. 
It  ranges  throughout  the  entire  United  States.  Specimens  collected 
by  Lord  Walsingharn  in  California  and  Oregon  (of  which  there  is 
a  specimen  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  are  identical  with  the  eastern 
specimens,  but  somewhat  larger  and  the  white  streaks  are  a  little 
broader  and  more  distinct. 

Lithocolletis  celtisella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  18. 
Lithocolletis  celtisella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  129,  1871.— Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i, 

201,  1874.— Bull.   Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  117,  1878.— Frey  and  Boll, 

Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  274,  1878.— Chambers,  Jn.  Cin.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist., 

ii,  190,  1879.— Walsingharn,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  52,  1889. 
Syn.  nonfasciella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  108,  1871.— Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  201, 

1874.— pusiUifoliella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxvii,  226,  1876. 

—Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  274,  1878. 

"Face,  palpi  and  under  surface  silvery  white,  the  under  surface  and  legs 
tinged  with  yellowish  ;  antennae  silvery,  annulate  above  with  dark  brown.  Tuft, 
thorax  and  anterior  wings  saffron  yellow,  with  a  white  patch  in  the  center  of 
the  tuft  and  the  usual  white  line  across  the  anterior  margin  and  sides  of  the 
thorax,  which,  however,  as  in  other  species,  is  sometimes  wanting.  When  pres- 
ent it  is  confluent  with  the  rather  long  narrow  median  basal  white  streak,  which 
is  faintly  dark  margined  towards  the  dorsal  margin.  Just  before  the  middle  is 
a  white  fascia,  angulated  near  the  costa  and  produced  backwards  at  the  angle, 
and  strongly  dark  margined  internally.  Near  the  base  of  the  cilia  is  another 
straight  white  fascia  not  definitely  bounded,  anteriorly  margined  with  dark 
brown  and  with  many  dark  brown  scales  interspersed  in  the  white,  and  some- 
times divided  into  two  or  three  rather  indefinite  spots.  The  apex  of  the  thorax 
is  white,  and  from  it  a  narrow  white  line  passes  along  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  wing  to  the  first  fascia,  and  sometimes  is  faintly  indicated  to  the  base  of  the 
cilia  and  is  margined  with  dark  brown.  Apex  dusted  with  dark  brown  on  a 
white  ground,  the  dusting  margined  by  an  oblique  white  line  internally.  Some- 
times the  dusting  is  not  thick,  and  the  whole  apical  half  of  the  wings  is  sparsely 
flecked  with  dark  brown  scales.  The  markings  of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing  are 
all  indefinite,  the  colors  not  being  separated  by  distinct  well-marked  lines,  but  to 
some  extent  running  into  each  other.  Alar  expanse  less  than  one-fourth  inch. 
Kentucky.  Very  abundant.  There  is  some  variation  in  the  intensity  of  the 
color,  some  species  being  much  paler  than  others,  and  one  specimen  in  my  pos- 
session has  the  thorax  entirely  white." 

In  the  original  description,  which  is  reprinted  above,  Chambers 
says  that  the  basal  streak  is  "faintly  dark  margined  toward  the 
dorsal  margin."  In  all  my  specimens  (bred),  the  streak  is  mar- 
gined toward  the  costa  and  not  at  all  on  the  dorsal  side.  The  first 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


310 


AMERICAN    MICRO- LEP1DOPTERA. 


Mine  of  L.  celtisella. 


fascia  in  celtisella  occupies  nearly  the  same  position  as  the  second  in 
celtifoliella. 

This  species  has  been  made  a  synonym  of  celtifoliella,  but  an  ex- 
amination of  specimens  of  each  and  a  comparison  of  the  early  stages 
shows  that  celtisella  and  celtifoliella  are  specifically  distinct. 
Food  plant,  Celtis  occidentalis  L. 

The  larva,  of  the  cylindrical  type  in  the  later  stages,  enters  the 
leaf  on  the  lower  surface,  and  makes  a  narrow  linear  mine,  then 

cuts  through  the  parenchyma 
to  the  upper  side,  where  the 
mine  broadens  into  an  elon- 
gate blotch,  made  tent-like  by 
a  longitudinal  ridge  in  each 
epidermis.  The  larvse  eat  the 
entire  parenchyma,  leaving 
merely  the  dark  discolored 
cuticles  of  the  leaf. 
The  mines  and  imagoes  of  this  species  are  very  abundant.  Its 
range  is  wide,  and  probably  coincides  with  that  of  its  food  plant. 

Lithocolletis  lucetiella  Clemens. 

Plate. XXII,  Fig.  19. 
Lithocolletis  lucetiella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  319,  322,  1859.— Tin. 

No.  Am.,  65,  73,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  56,  1871.— Walsing- 

ham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  52,  1889.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  188,  1903.— 

Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  1902,  No.  6262. 
Syn.  senigmatella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  219,  1873.— Chambers, 

Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  210,  1874. 

Antennae,  palpi,  face  and  tuft  shining  white.  Thorax  and  basal  half  of  the 
forewings  shining  white.  Apical  part  of  the  forewings  suffused  with  golden.  A 
golden  costal  streak  from  the  base,  not  extending  to  the  middle.  At  about  the 
middle  is  a  silvery  white  fascia,  broadly  margined  with  golden  on  its  inner  side, 
and  with  a  black  spot  on  the  costa  internally.  This  fascia  is  also  sometimes  mar- 
gined internally  towards  the  dorsal  margin  with  a  few  black  scales.  In  the 
apical  portion  of  the  wing  are  two  white  costal  streaks;  the  first  margined  inter- 
nally by  a  black  spot;  the  second  near  the  tip  and  unmargined.  Nearly  oppo- 
site the  first  costal  streak  is  a  large  dorsal  streak  dark  margined  internally  by 
an  oblique  black  line.  Cilia  golden  around  the  apex,  becoming  silvery  white 
toward  the  tornus.  Expanse  6-7  mm. 

The  hindwings  and  cilia  are  silvery  gray.  Legs  white,  first  pair  shaded  with 
gray.  Abdomen  dark  gray  in  the  male,  silvery  in  the  female;  anal  tuft  silvery. 

The  mines  of  this  very  distinct  species  are  common  in  the  Atlan- 
tic States  on  the  underside  of  leaves  of  Tilia  Americana  L.  The 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  311 

larva  is  pale  greenish  yellow,  with  a  darker  head.  The  mine  is 
rectangular,  often  nearly  square,  and  placed  between  two  veins  and 
uuwrinkled.  When  complete,  the  mine  is  transparent,  and  the 
pupa,  which  is  contained  in  an  oval  cocoon,  is  plainly  visible. 

Lithocolletis  symplioricarpella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  20. 
Lithocolletis  symphoricarpella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  98,  1875. — Dyar, 

Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6311. 
Syn.  symphoricarpella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit,  xxxix,  271,  1878.— lolliella 

Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6312. 

Antennae  grayish,  broadly  annulate  with  dark  brown.  Face  and  palpi  shining 
yellowish  white.  Tuft  reddish  golden. 

Thorax  and  (brewings  shining  brownish  golden.  Pale  markings  shining  with 
a  faint  golden  lustre.  There  is  a  short  indistinct  median  basal  streak.  Just 
before  the  middle  is  a  slightly  curved  fascia,  inwardly  margined  with  blackish 
scales  and  outwardly  shading  into  the  ground  color  of  the  wing.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  the  cilia  is  a  second  fascia,  sometimes  divided  into  a  costal  and  an  oppo- 
site dorsal  streak  by  a  line  of  dark  scales.  Just  preceding  the  dusted  apex  is  a 
rather  indistinct  costal  streak.  Cilia  around  the  apex,  of  the  wing  color,  becom- 
ing gray  at  the  tornus.  Alar  expanse  5.5-6  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  gray.  Legs  shining  gray,  tarsi  spotted 
with  whitish. 

The  form  described  by  Frey  and  Boll  is  that  in  which  the  pair  of 
streaks  at  the  beginning  of  the  cilia  do  not  unite  to  form  a  fascia. 

While  only  reported  from  Ohio,  Kentucky  and  Texas,  its  range 
is  probably  co-extensive  with  that  of  its  food  plant. 

The  larvae  form  very  small  tent  mines  on  the  underside  of  leaves 
of  Symphoriearpos  Symphoricarpos  (L.)  MacM.  The  mine  is  placed 
between  two  veins,  and  when  mature  is  much  wrinkled.  Just 
before  pupation,  one  half  of  the  mine  is  lined  with  silk,  and  par- 
titioned off,  thus  forming  an  ovoid  silken  chamber  in  which  the 
pupa  is  formed.  When  the  imago  emerges  the  pupa  case  is  thrust 
through  the  upper  epidermis. 

Lithocolletis  ostensackenella  Fitch. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  21. 

Argyromiges  ostensackenella  Fitch,  Kept.  Ins.  N.  Y.,  v,  338,  1859. 
LithocollrMs  ostensackenella  Chamber?,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  183, 1871.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 

S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6265. 

Syn.  ornatella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  161,  1871  ^  iv,  107,  1872;  xi,  91,  1879.— 
Zeller,  Verh.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  xxv,  347,  1875.— Frey  and  Boll, 
Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  217,  1873.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  53,  1889 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


312  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Antennae  dark  brown.  Face  and  palpi  silvery  white,  with  a  purplish  and 
golden  iridescent  lustre.  Tuft  small,  dark  brown.  Ground  color  of  the  thorax 
and  forewings  brilliant  golden  brown  ;  that  of  the  thorax  a  shade  darker.  Two 
silvery  fascise,  margined  internally  with  dark  brown  ;  and  beyond  them  two  pair 
of  opposite  streaks,  also  internally  dark  margined,  of  which  the  first  pair  some- 
times unite  to  form  an  interrupted  fascia.  The  basal  fourth  of  the  wing  is  dark 
brown,  more  golden  below  the  fold  toward  the  base.  The  first  fascia  is  at  the 
basal  fourth,  and  shades  gradually  into  the  ground  color  of  the  wing.  It  is  fol- 
lowed at  about  the  middle  by  a  second  similar  fascia.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
costal  cilia  is  a  silvery  spot,  and  opposite  it  a  larger  dorsal  spot.  At  the  apical 
fifth  is  a  similar  costal  spot,  and  opposite  it  a  small  dorsal  one.  Marginal  scales 
at  the  base  of  the  apical  cilia  dark  brown.  Cilia  silvery  gray.  Expanse  5.5-6  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  dark  gray,  with  a  purplish  golden  lustre. 
Legs  gray. 

The  mine  is  a  yellow  blotch,  occurring  upon  either  the  upper  or 
lower  surface  of  leaves  of  Robinia  pseudacacia  L.  and  Robinia  his- 
pida  L.  The  leaf  is  but  slightly  contracted  and  the  larva  is  some- 
what more  flattened  than  is  usual  in  the  cylindrical  group.  The 
larva  leaves  the  mine  to  pupate,  spinning  a  flat,  oval,  yellowish 
brown,  silken  cocoon. 

The  species  is  abundant  wherever  its  food  plant  occurs. 

Lithocolletis  tritieiiiaiiella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  22. 

Lithocolletis  tritsenianella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  110,  184,  1871;  v,  48,  1873;  xi, 
89,  1879.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  53,  1889.— tritseniella  Dyar,  Bull. 
52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6316. 

Syn.  consimilella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  214,  1873.— Chambers, 
Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  202,  1874;  ii,  230.  1875.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life, 
ii,  51,  1889. 

Face  and  palpi  white;  antennae  white,  annulate  with  fuscous  above ;  tuft  saf- 
fron, mixed  with  a  few  brownish  scales. 

Thorax  and  forewings  pale  reddish  saffron.  Three  white  fasciae,  each  narrowly 
margined  internally  with  dark  brown  scales  ;  the  first  at  about  the  basal  fourth, 
the  second  near  the  middle.  The  third  midway  between  the  second  and  the 
apex,  is  the  narrowest  and  is  slightly  angulated  in  the  middle.  An  indistinct 
oblique  whitish  costal  streak  near  the  apex.  Apex  slightly  dusted  with  brown 
mixed  with  a  few  white  scales.  Cilia  slightly  paler  than  the  ground  color.  Ex- 
panse 7-8  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  reddish  brown.  Legs  and  tarsi  whitish  ; 
tarsi  slightly  tipped  with  black. 

The  larvae  form  rather  large  tent  mines  on  the  upper  side  of 
Ostrya  Virginiana  (Mill.)  Willd.  At  first  the  mine  is  a  flat  blotch, 
and  the  loosened  epidermis  is  white,  sparsely  speckled  with  brown. 
Later,  by  contraction  of  the  epidermis,  the  mine  becomes  roomy 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  313 

and  ten ti form  ;  and  the  leaf  is  completely  folded  over.  The  larva 
is  green  and  of  the  cylindrical  type,  and  spins  a  thin  ovoid  silken 
cocoon,  fastened  to  the  leaf  above  and  below.  Mr.  Chambers  (Can. 
Ent.,  iii,  84, 1871)  described  the  larvse  and  mine  of  this  species  under 
the  mistaken  impression  that  they  belonged  to  his  L.  virginiella, 

Lithocolletis  afliiiis  Frey  and  Boll. 

Lithocolletis  affinis  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxvii,  222,  1876;  xxxix,  270, 
1878.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  51,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  1902,  No.  6314. 

The  head,  thorax  and  forewings  are  of  a  uniformly  dark  reddish  saffron.  Face 
and  palpi  shining  white,  legs  whitish  gray.  The  tarsi  of  the  first  pair  have  dis- 
tinct blackish  bands.  The  second  pair  are  spotted  with  blackish,  the  last  pair 
are  lighter,  marked  with  brownish  black.  The  dorsal  side  of  the  abdomen  is 
dark  gray,  the  ventral  side  whitish. 

The  feebly  shining  forewings  have  three  fasciae,  at  the  basal  third,  at  the  mid- 
dle, and  at  three-quarters  of  the  wing  length  respectively.  All  the  fasciae  are 
faintly  dark  margined  toward  the  base,  the  first  straight,  the  second  slightly 
concave,  the  third  feebly  angulated.  Before  the  apex  there  is  a  white  costal 
streak,  without  any  dark  margining.  The  cilia  are  of  the  ground  color. 

Hindwings  rather  dark  gray,  their  cilia  lighter  brownish. 

Frey  and  Boll  have  thus  described  the  species. 

Found  in  Texas,  where  the  larvae  make  underside  mines  on  a 
species  of  Lonicera,  and  on"  a  species  of  Symphoricarpos. 

The  absence  of  any  dark  dusting  in  the  apex  of  the  wing  distin- 
guishes the  imago  of  this  species  from  that  of  tritcenianella  Cham. 

Lithocolletis  marixeella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  23. 

Lithocolletis  marixella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  99,  1875.— Can.  Ent.,  xi, 
92,  1879.— Walsingham,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  x,  201,   1882.— Dyar, 
Bull.  52.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6315. 
Syn.  mariella  Riley,  Smith's  List  Lep.  Bor.  Am.,  190,  1891. 

Face  and  palpi  whitish  ;  last  joints  of  the  palpi  darkened  externally.  Antennae 
grayish  white,  annulate  with  brown.  Tuft  reddish  orange. 

Thorax  and  forewings  golden  brown.  Two  white  fasciae,  one  at  the  basal 
fourth,  and  the  other  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  length,  both  bent  outward  near 
the  median  line,  and  margined  with  dark  brown  internally.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  costal  cilia  is  a  white  streak  nearly  meeting  an  opposite  dorsal  streak,  both 
dark  margined  internally.  A  curved  white  streak,  margined  before  by  a  darker 
shade,  encloses  the  apex,  and  sometimes  extends  through  the  cilia  on  the  dorsal 
margin.  The  apex  of  the  wing  is  sometimes  darkened  by  a  few  brown  scales. 
Cilia  a  shade  paler  than  the  wings.  Expanse  8-8.5  mm. 

Hindwings  gray,  with  reddish  cilia.  Abdomen  brownish  gray.  Hind  legs 
brownish  red  ;  the  other  two  pair  whitish,  banded  with  black. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  (40)  OCTOBER,    1908. 


314  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Missouri. 

The  tentiform  mine  of  this  species  occurs  on  the  lower  surface  of 
leaves  of  Symphoricarpos  vulgaris  Michx.  Pupation  takes  place 
within  an  ovoid  white  silken  cocoon.  Mr.  Chambers  (Gin.  Quart. 
Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  99,  1875)  quotes  Miss  Murtfeldt's  description  of  the 
early  stages  of  this  species. 

Lithocolletis  I iliacella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXII,  Fig.  24. 
Lithocolletis  tiliacella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  56,  1871.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6310. 
Syn.  tiliseella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  203,  1874.— tiliella  Walsingham, 

Ins.  Life,  iii,  328,  1891. 

"Glistening,  snowy  white;  middle  portion  of  the  anterior  wings  from  near 
their  base  to  the  base  of  the  cilia  pale  golden,  which  is  produced  along  the  costa 
to  the  base — three  broad  silvery  white  fasciae  dark  margined  internally  ;  the 
dark  margin  of  the  third  fascia  widely  interrupted  in  the  middle,  and  the  pale 
golden  very  indistinct,  sometimes  not  visible,  behind  it;  the  second  fascia  is 
about  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Alar  expanse  one-fourth  inch." 

Chambers  has  sufficiently  characterized  this  species  by  the  short 
description  above. 

The  larvse  belong  to  the  cylindrical  group  and  form  almost  cir- 
cular tent  mines  on  the  upper  side  of  Tilia  Americana  L.  The  mine 
is  white,  densely  speckled  with  dark  brown.  The  pupa  of  the  sum- 
mer brood  is  suspended  in  a  very  slight  silken  web  ;  in  the  brood 
remaining  through  the  winter  in  the  pupal  state,  a  denser  cocoon  is 
spun,  which  is  attached  above  and  below. 

The  species  is  common  throughout  the  Atlantic  States. 

Lithocolletis  oregonensis  Walsingham. 

Lithocolletis  oregonensis  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  117,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 
S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6309. 

"Antennae  closely  annulate  with  white  and  brown.  Palpi  whitish,  dusted 
with  gray  externally.  Haustellum  yellow.  Face  grayish,  frontal  tuft  grayish 
fuscous.  Thorax  golden  saffron. 

"  Forewings  golden  saffron,  with  four  rather  shining  white  fasciae,  and  a  semi- 
circular white  apical  streak  inclosing  a  black  apical  spot  and  reaching  through 
the  cilia  on  tbfe  costal  and  dorsal  margins;  the  first  fascia  is  situated  within  one- 
fourth  the  wing  length,  the  dorsal  portion  of  it  commencing  nearer  to  the  base 
than  the  costal  portion  and  proceeding  obliquely  outward  to  a  little  above  the 
fold,  the  shorter  costal  portion  only  being  conspicuously  dark  margined  inter- 
nally;  the  second  fascia,  just  before  the  middle,  is  distinctly  curved,  almost  an- 
gulated  outwards,  and  has  a  conspicuous  margin  of  black  scales  on  its  inner 
side;  the  third  fascia,  commencing  before  the  costal  cilia,  is  less  curved  than  the 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  315 

second,  but  its  black  inner  margin  interrupts  it  in  the  middle  by  a  short  line  of 
black  scales;  the  fourth  fascia,  at  the  apical  fifth  of  the  wing,  is  also  internally 
black  margined,  but  the  black  scaling  is  almost  interrupted,  becoming  very  slen- 
der at  the  middle  of  the  wings;  the  apical  spot  is  black,  encircled  by  white  as 
already  described  ;  the  cilia  are  grayish,  tinged  with  fuscous  about  the  anal 
angle,  and  with  a  short  golden  saffron  dash  from  the  black  apical  spot;  there  is 
no  line  along  their  base. 

Hind  wings  and  cilia  pale  grayish.  Abdomen  gray.  Hind  tarsi  whitish, 
thickly  spotted  with  fuscous  above.  Expanse  7  mm." 

Described  by  Lord  Walsingham  from  two  specimens  taken  on 
the  wing  near  Fort  The  Dalles,  on  the  Columbia  River,  in  Northern 
Oregon,  in  April,  1872. 

Lithocolletis  fragilella  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  1. 

Lithocolletis  fragiMla  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,270,  1878.— Walsing- 
ham, Ins.  Life,  ii,  51,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No. 
6313. 

Syn.  trifasciella  Frey  and  Boll  (not  Haworth),  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  215,  1873. 
—Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  205,  1874.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life, 
iii,  326,  1891. 

Antennae  dark  brown,  narrowly  annulate  with  pale  gray.  Face  and  palpi 
pale  golden.  Tuft  on  the  vertex  reddish  orange,  with  a  few  brown  scales  inter- 
mixed. 

Thorax  and  forewiugs  deep  reddish  saffron.  On  the  forewings  are  three 
faintly  indicated  narrow  whitish  fasciae  situated  at  the  basal  fifth,  two  fifths,and 
three-fifths  of  the  wing  length,  respectively. 

The  two  former  are  bent  outward  above  the  middle,  the  third  is  nearly  straight. 
These  fasciae  are  sparsely  dusted  internally  on  the  dorsal  half  with  blackish 
scales,  densely  so  on  the  costal  half,  where  the  margin  broadens  into  a  triangular 
area,  that  of  the  first  fascia  sometimes  being  produced  along  the  costa  to  the 
base.  The  internal  margin  of  the  third  fascia  interrupts  it  in  the  middle  with 
a  tooth-like  projection.  At  three-fourths  of  the  wing  length  on  the  costa  is  a 
patch  of  dark  dusting  forming  the  internal  margin  of  a  pale  costal  streak,  oppo- 
site to  which  on  the  dorsal  margin  above  the  tornus  is  a  smaller  patch  of  dusting. 
Just  before  the  apex  is  a  second  whitish  costal  streak,  dusted  internally  with  a 
few  dark  scales.  Apex  sparsely  dusted  with  black  scales.  Cilia  of  the  wing 
color  becoming  gray  toward  the  tornus.  Alar  expanse  8.5-9  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray,  with  a  fulvous  tinge.  Abdomen  dark  brownish 
gray,  anal  tuft  with  an  ocherous  tinge.  Legs  brownish,  tarsal  joints  blackish, 
tipped  with  white. 

Massachusetts  to  Texas.  This  species  is  identical  with  that 
erroneously  identified  by  Frey  and  Boll  as  trifasciella  Haw.  from  a 
specimen  bred  from  Lonicera  sempervirens  Ait.  at  Cambridge,  Mass. 
(Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  215,  1873).  The  food  plant  of  the  Texan 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC..  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


316  AMERICAN    MICROLEPIDOPTERA. 

specimens  was  given  as  Lonicera  "  albida  "  (such  a  plant  has  never 
been  catalogued).  The  mine  is  placed  on  the  underside  of  the  leaf. 
A  large  series  bred  by  Mr.  August  Busck  on  Lonicera  sempervirens 
Ait.  is  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

LUhocolletis  salicifoliella  Clem. 

Plate  XXIII,  Figs.  2,  3 ;  XXIV,  Fig.  24. 

Lithocolletis  salicifoliella  Clemens,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  i,  81, 1861.— Tin.  No.  Am., 

169,  1872.— Packard,  Guide  Stud.  Ins.,  353,    1869.— Chambers,   Can. 

Ent.,  iii,  163,  185,  1871.— Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  302,  1875.— Can.  Ent., 

vii,  126,  1875.— Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iii,  139,  1877.— Walsingham, 

Ins.  Life,  ii,  54,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6333. 

Syn.  atomariella  Zeller,  Verb,  zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  xxv,  350, 1875.— Walsingham, 

Ins.  Life,  ii,  54,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6332. 

Antennse  white,  more  or  less  distinctly  annulate  with  brown.     Face  and  palpi 

white;  tuft  white,  sometimes  thickly  interspersed  with  brown  scales. 

The  following  is  Chambers'  description  of  the  forewings  in  Can. 
Ent.,  vii,  126,  1875 : 

"  Thorax  and  primaries  bright  golden  or  saffron  yellow,  according  to  the  light, 
or  even  sometimes  dull  brownish  yellow,  the  thorax  and  basal  portion  of  the 
dorsal  margin  of  the  forewings  being  largely  intermixed  with  white,  and  dusted 
more  or  less  with  black.  Sometimes  the  inner  angle  is  of  the  general  ground 
hue,  scarcely  dusted  or  marked  with  either  white  or  dark  brown,  and  then  there 
is  a  median  white  basal  streak  which  meets  at  an  acute  angle  with  a  dorsal  white 
streak  about  the  basal  fourth  of  the  wing  length.  Both  of  these  white  streaks, 
and  all  other  white  markings  on  the  wings  are  more  or  less  dusted  with  dark 
gray-brown,  sometimes  so  much  as  to  obscure  the  white.  Before  the  middle  of 
the  costa  is  a  long  white  streak,  which  attains  the  middle  of  the  wing,  curving 
backwards;  a  little  behind  this,  on  the  dorsal  margin,  is  a  large  dorsal  white 
streak,  wide  on  the  margin,  but  shorter  than  the  first  costal  streak,  like  which  it 
curves  backwards  along  the  middle  of  the  wing,  being  usually  confluent,  or  very 
nearly  so  with  the  first  costal  streak;  a  little  further  back,  about  the  middle  of 
the  costal  margin,  is  another  white  costal  streak  shorter  than  the  first,  but  like 
it  curving  back  along  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  usually  confluent  with  the 
first  costal  and  first  dorsal  streaks.  Then  follows  another  narrower  and  some- 
what oblique  costal  white  streak,  opposite  to  which  is  a  triangular  white  dorsal 
spot  separated  from  it  by  some  brown  scales;  just  before  the  cilia  is  a  curved 
white  fascia  concave  towards  the  apex  and  sometimes  interrupted  in  the  middle, 
and  just  before  the  apex  is  another  similar  fascia,  which,  however,  sometimes 
does  not  attain  the  dorsal  margin,  and  behind  it  in  the  apex  is  a  short  brown 
streak.  All  these  white  streaks  and  fasciae  are  decidedly  dark  margined  before, 
and  more  or  less  dusted  with  grayish  brown.  There  is  a  brown  hinder  marginal 
line  at  the  base  of  the  cilia,  which  latter  are  stramineous." 

Expanse  7-8  mm. 

The  hindwings  are  gray,  with  ocherous  tinged  cilia ;  pale  ocher- 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  317 

ous  in  the  summer  form.  Abdomen  gray,  with  ocherous  apex. 
Legs  varying  from  pale  whitish  ocherous  to  gray,  their  tarsi  whitish 
at  the  bases,  grayish  brown  toward  the  apices. 

This  species  is  probably  found  over  the  whole  of  the  United 
States.  In  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  is  a  series  bred  by  Dr.  Dyar  at 
Denver,  Colorado,  on  cotton  wood  in  July,  1901,  and  a  specimen 
from  California  on  Salix  (collection  C.  V.  Kiley). 

The  food  plants  are  various  species  of  Salix  and  Populus,  the 
mine  being  placed  on  the  lower  side  of  the  leaf.  The  imagoes  of 
the  fall  brood,  which  appear  in  October,  hibernate. 

This  is  an  exceedingly  variable  species,  so  variable  in  fact,  that 
specimens  of  the  different  broods  may  easily  be  mistaken  for  distinct 
species.  The  differences  are  due  to  a  variation  in  the  extent  of  the 
white  markings,  and  in  the  black  dusting,  some  specimens  lacking 
entirely  the  black  dusting  typical  of  the  species. 

I  have  bred  series  of  this  species  in  successive  broods  from  tenti- 
form  mines  on  the  underside  of  leaves  of  Populus  balsamifera  L. 
In  the  imagoes  which  appear  in  August,  the  black  dusting  is  almost 
or  entirely  lacking.  One  of  these  is  represented  on  Plate  XXIII, 
Fig.  3.  Such  specimens  are  identical  with  those  bred  by  Dr.  Dyar 
in  Colorado.  In  this  form  the  tuft  and  thorax  are  often  pure  white, 
and  very  often  the  first  dorsal  streak  is  widely  separated  from  the 
first  costal  streak,  with  which  it  is  usually  confluent  in  the  dusted 
specimens. 

Zeller,  in  his  description  of  atomariella,  and  Chambers,  in  his 
earlier  description  (Can.  Ent.,  iii,  163,  1871),  regarded  white  as  the 
ground  color  of  the  wings.  Zeller's  two  types  at  Cambridge  are 
identical  with  Chambers'  specimens,  which  represent  the  dusted 
form  of  the  species  (Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  2).  The  Zeller  type  at  the 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  (Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  24)  has  a  greater  extent  of 
the  wing  occupied  by  the  white  markings. 

Lithocolletis  tremuloidiella  Bratm. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  4. 
Lithocolletis  tremuloidiella  Braun,  Ent.  News,  xix,  102,  1908. 

Antennae  dark  gray,  the  joints  becoming  lighter  toward  their  bases.  Palpi 
grayish  white.  Face  grayish  white.  Tuft  gray,  mixed  with  white. 

Forewings  pale  reddish  brown  near  the  base,  becoming  more  ocherous  beyond 
the  middle.  There  is  a  short  median  basal  white  streak,  and  a  dorso-basal  white 
streak,  both  thickly  dusted  with  blackish  scales,  and  uniting  with  the  first  dor- 

TRANS.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


318  AMERICAN    MICROLEPIDOPTERA. 

sal  streak.  There  are  five  costal  and  five  dorsal  white  streaks,  all  dark  margined 
internally  and  more  or  less  dusted  with  blackish  scales,  the  last  two  pair,  how- 
ever, not  dusted.  These  streaks  are  situated  as  follows:  a  large  oblique  white 
costal  streak  at  the  basal  fifth,  attaining  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  prolonged 
backward  ;  nearer  the  base  an  oblique  dorsal  streak,  almost  meeting  the  first 
costal  before  the  middle;  the  second  costal  streak  also  oblique;  the  second  dorsal 
streak  nearer  the  base  than  the  second  costal,  large,  oblique,  strongly  constricted 
just  below  the  fold,  and  uniting  with  the  apices  of  the  first  and  second  costal 
streaks;  third  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  nearly  opposite,  less  oblique,  their  apices 
separated  by  a  narrow  prolongation  of  the  blackish  internal  margins.  The 
fourth  costal  and  dorsal  streaks,  of  which  the  costal  is  at  the  apical  fourth,  the 
dorsal  at  the  tornus,  form  an  inwardly  convex  white  fascia.  Fifth  costal  and 
dorsal  streaks  also  form  a  curved  white  fascia.  An  irregular  blackish  apical 
spot.  Marginal  line  in  the  cilia  blackish,  with  a  bluish  lustre.  Cilia  gray.  Alar 
expanse  9-10.5  mm. 

Hindwings  gray.  Cilia  gray,  with  a  reddish  tinge.  Abdomen  dark  gray 
above,  grayish  white  beneath.  Anal  tuft  grayish  ocherous.  Legs  dark  gray, 
tips  of  the  tarsi  lighter. 

Described  from  specimens  bred  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Kearfott  from 
tentiform  mines  on  the  underside  of  leaves  of  Populus  tremuloides 
Michx.,  received  from  Mr.  J.  W.  Cockle,  Kaslo,  B.  C.,  August  26, 
1907.  The  imagoes  appeared  during  the  same  month.  The  mine 
is  large  (for  an  underside  Lithocolletis  mine),  oval,  and  with  a  fine 
fold  through  its  long  axis.  It  closely  resembles  the  mine  of  L. 
salieifoliella  on  poplar,  but  is  very  much  larger. 

There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  extent  of  the  white  mark- 
ings ;  sometimes  the  fascia  formed  by  the  fourth  pair  of  streaks  is 
interrupted,  and  the  fascia  just  before  the  apex  does  not  reach  the 
inner  margin. 

This  species  is  very  close  to  L.  salieifoliella  in  the  character  and 
arrangement  of  markings ;  but  may  be  distinguished  from  it  by  the 
much  greater  expanse,  the  slightly  shining  and  more  reddish  ground 
color  of  the  forewings,  the  slightly  less  oblique  position  of  the  white 
streaks,  and  by  the  noticeable  bluish  lustre  of  the  marginal  line  in 
the  cilia.  The  specimens  which  appear  in  August  are  densely 
dusted,  in  this  respect  differing  from  the  corresponding  brood  of  L. 
salieifoliella. 

By  some  mistake,  this  species  has  been  referred  to  as  Lithocolletis 
populiella  Chambers  by  Mr.  Busck  in  his  paper,  "  Tineid  Moths 
from  British  Columbia"  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxvii,  770,  1904), 
and  by  Dr.  Harrison  G.  Dyar  in  "  Lepidoptera  of  the  Kootenai 
District"  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxvii,  937,  1904). 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  319 

LiUiocolletis  celtifoliella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  5. 
Lithocolletis  celtifoliella   Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  128,  1871.— Bull.  Geol.  Surv. 

Terr.,  iv,  118,  1878.— Walsiugham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  52,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull. 

52,  U.  S.  Nat,  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6286. 

"Face  and  palpi  silvery  white,  the  palpi  on  their  outer  surface  saffron,  flecked 
with  brown.  Antennae  brown,  annulate  with  white,  and  flecked  with  blackish 
scales.  Tuft  reddish  saffron,  with  white  scales  intermixed.  Thorax  reddish 
saffron  anteriorly,  passing  into  brown  toward  the  apex,  sparsely  flecked  with 
white,  and  with  the  usual  white  line  (sometimes  absent),  across  the  anterior  mar- 
gin produced  backwards  over  the  tegulse  and  on  to  the  wings,  where  it  is  con- 
fluent with  a  narrow  median  white  basal  streak  which  is  strongly  dark  margined 
dorsally,  the  dark  margin  being  produced  beyond  it  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the 
wing.  Anterior  wings  reddish  saffron,  the  dorsal  margin  nearly  to  the  cilia, 
thickly  dusted  with  dark  brown  on  a  white  ground,  and  with  a  streak  of  dark 
brown  extending  to  the  basal  streak  not  far  from  the  base.  Three  fasciae,  rather 
indefinitely  bounded,  of  dark  brown  upon  a  white  ground  ;  all  strongly  angula- 
ted  posteriorly  about  the  middle,  the  third  one  slightly  interrupted  near  the 
costa  and  passing  gradually  into  a  costo-apical  patch  of  dark  brown  on  a  white 
ground.  The  first  fascia  is  just  before  the  middle;  the  second  is  about  the  mid- 
dle, and  each  sends  a  white  streak  from  its  angle  nearly  to  the  next  fascia. 
There  is  a  dorso-apical  patch  of  dense  dark  brown  dusting  on  a  white  ground, 
larger  than  the  costo-apical  one  above  mentioned.  Cilia  pale  reddish  saffron, 
with  a  dark  brown  hinder  marginal  line  in  the  cilia.  Sometimes  almost  the 
•entire  thorax  and  dorsal  margins  of  the  wings  are  densely  dusted  with  dark 
brown  on  a  white  ground,  whilst  the  first  and  second  fasciae  blend  with  each 
other  near  the  dorsal  margin,  and  the  third  fascia  blends  with  the  dorso-apical 
dusting.  It  varies  in  the  extent  and  intensity  of  the  dusting.  Under  surface  sil- 
very white,  with  a  patch  of  dark  brown  dusting  on  each  side  of  of  each  abdomi- 
nal segment.  Legs  silvery  white,  with  the  anterior  tibiae  and  tarsi  reddish  saf- 
fron, dusted  thickly  with  dark  brown,  and  the  intermediate  and  posterior  tibiae 
and  tarsi  spotted  and  annulate  with  dark  brown.  Alar  expanse  one-fourth  inch. 
Kentucky.  Not  common.  The  larva  is  cylindrical,  yellowish,  and  makes  a  tent 
mine  on  the  under  surface  of  the  leaves  of  the  hackberry  (Celtis  occidentalis  L.)." 

The  above  extract  from  the  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  128,  1871,  is  Chambers' 
original  description  of  the  species  with  his  note  upon  the  larval  stage. 

There  is  great  variation  in  the  density  of  the  dark  dusting ;  in 
one  specimen  the  white  fasciae  are  distinctly  present  as  narrow  white 
lines,  beyond  what  would  in  this  case  be  considered  their  internal 
dusting  (the  three  dark  brown  fasciae  of  which  Chambers  speaks). 
The  first  of  these  fasciae  reaches  the  costa  at  about  the  basal  third. 
Often  the  basal  streak  is  overlaid  with  black  dusting,  which  then 
occupies  the  basal  portion  of  the  wing  below  the  fold.  This  species 
is  much  less  common  than  L.  eeltisella  Chambers,  which  mines  the 
upper  surface  of  Celtis. 

TEANS.  AM.  KNT.  8OC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,    1908. 


320  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEP1DOPTERA. 

Chambers  records  this  rare  species  from  Kentucky.  I  have 
taken  it  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  Mr.  W.  D.  Kearfott  has  collected 
the  mines  in  the  early  part  of  September  in  Jefferson  County,  West 
Virginia. 

The  mine,  which  is  of  the  usual  underside  type,  lies  between  two 
veins,  and  is  somewhat  variable  in  shape.  The  pupa  is  suspended 
in  a  few  silken  threads.  The  imagoes  appear  during  the  latter  part 
of  September. 

IJflliocolletis  lysimacliiseella  Chambers. 

Lithocolletis  lysimachiseella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  100,  1875.— Wai  sing- 
ham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  77,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902.  No. 
6336. 

This  is  a  name  given  to  a  species  in  the  larval  state,  whose  tenti- 
form  mines  were  found  on  the  underside  of  Lysimachia  lanceolata 
Walt.  (Steironema  lanceolatum  (Walt)  A.  Gray).  No  imago  was 
ever  bred.  I  have  never  seen  a  mine  of  a  Lithocolletis  on  this  plant. 

GROUP  II. 

The  larva  of  the  flat  group  (Plate  XX,  Fig.  10)  is  very  much 
depressed,  almost  flat,  with  the  sides  of  the  segments  projecting,  thus 
giving  the  entire  larva  a  beaded  appearance.  The  head  is  flat, 
somewhat  triangular  in  shape,  usually  of  a  shining  reddish  brown 
color,  with  the  mouth  parts  projecting  in  front.  The  first  three 
segments  of  the  body  are  broader  than  the  others ;  the  body  tapers 
toward  the  posterior  end.  While  the  legs  are  of  the  same  number 
and  occupy  the  same  position  as  in  the  cylindrical  larva,  all  are 
very  rudimentary,  appearing  as  small  tubercular  projections.  Upon 
the  upper  and  lower  side  of  most  and  sometimes  all  of  the  body  seg- 
ments are  distinctly  outlined,  shining,  darker  spots — the  maculae. 
These  vary  in  shape  on  the  different  segments,  being  elliptical  or 
trapezoidal,  but  are  constant  for  a  given  species  in  each  stage. 
After  the  seventh  or  last  moult,  the  larva  assumes  a  more  cylindri- 
cal shape,  the  legs  are  better  developed,  and  the  dark  maculae  grad- 
ually disappear. 

All  of  the  species  are  miners  on  the  upper  side  of  leaves,  where 
they  make  a  flat,  sometimes  irregularly  shaped  blotch,  or  a  rather 
broad,  linear  tract.  The  larva  feeds  from  the  centre  outwardly, 
thus  gradually  increasing  the  extent  of  the  mined  portion  of  the 
leaf.  This  mode  of  feeding  is  a  necessary  accompaniment  of  the 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  321 

flattened  head,  the  larva  being  able  to  consume  but  a  few  layers  of 
parenchyma  cells  directly  in  front  of  it. 

The  mine  retains  its  flat  blotch-like  character  until  after  the  sev- 
enth moult.  The  larva  then  lines  the  loosened  epidermis  with  silk 
and  by  contraction  produces  from  one  to  three  narrow  folds  or 
ridges.  Beneath  this  folded  portion  the  floor  of  the  mine  is  thinly 
covered  with  silk.  Then  the  larva,  lying  on  its  back,  spins  a  flat 
semi-transparent  sheet  of  silk,  oval  or  nearly  circular  in  shape, 
attached  around  its  edges  to  the  floor  of  the  mine  (Plate  XX, 
Fig.  12).  Beneath  this,  along  its  long  axis,  the  pupa  is  formed. 
The  pupa,  which  is  protruded  from  the  mine  in  emergence,  is  thrust 
through  a  transverse  slit  near  one  end  of  the  flat  cocoon.  Such  a 
cocoon  is  formed  in  all  but  a  few  of  the  species  of  which  the  life 
history  is  known. 

In  almost  all  of  the  species,  however,  this  cocoon  is  only  made  in 
the  brood  of  which  the  imagoes  are  to  appear  in  the  same  summer. 
In  a  later  brood,  the  hibernating  period,  with  one  or  two  exceptions, 
is  passed  in  the  larval  state.  In  a  number  of  species,  hibernation 
takes  place  beneath  the  folded  epidermis.  In  most  cases,  however, 
an  especially  prepared  silken-lined  chamber  is  formed.  After  the 
floor  of  the  mine  is  loosely  covered  with  silk,  the  upper  epidermis  is 
fastened  down  in  a  circular  or  oval  outline,  and  the  whole  cavity  is 
then  lined  with  silk.  Ample  space  is  provided  by  a  characteristic 
oval  or  hemispherical  projection  upon  the  underside  of  the  leaf. 
The  change  to  pupa  occurs  in  the  spring. 

The  moths  of  this  group  may  easily  be  recognized  by  the  fact  that 
the  white  markings  of  the  forewings  are  always  externally  dark 
margined,  often  densely  dusted  with  black  scales  behind.  In  some 
cases  there  is,  in  addition,  a  slight  internal  margin  consisting  of  a 
few  dark  scales  near  the  costa.  The  markings  consist  of  white  cos- 
tal and  dorsal  streaks,  usually  oblique.  Opposite  streaks  may  unite 
to  form  a  fascia,  either  outwardly  angulated  or  straight.  Where 
the  fasciae  are  straight,  they  are  nearer  the  base  on  the  dorsal  mar- 
gin. The  apex  of  the  wing  is  often  densely  dusted  with  black 
atoms,  this  effect  being  produced  by  the  black  tips  to  whitish  scales. 
Sometimes  these  black  tips  form  a  distinct  marginal  line,  which 
passes  around  the  apex  and  usually  extends  to  the  tornus.  This 
line  is  always  present,  but  where  the  apex  is  not  dusted,  is  not 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.,  XXXIV.  (41)  OCTOBER,    1908. 


322  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

noticeable.  Beyond  this,  a  second  line  runs  through  the  middle  of 
the  cilia.  This  line  is  formed  by  the  tips  of  a  row  of  scales  of  equal 
length. 

The  following  table  will  separate  the  species : 

A.  Oblique  costal  and  dorsal  streaks;    fasciae,  If  present,  distinctly  angulated  ; 
never  two  straight  fasciae. 

B.  Ground  color  of  the  forewings  white lianiadryadella. 

BB.  Ground  color  of  the  forewings  not  white. 

C.  An  oblique  white  streak  or  patch  at  the  base  of  the  dorsal  margin,  rarely 
indistinct  (lentella,  carysefoliella],  or  indicated  by  its 
dark  margin  only  (agrifoliella);  usually  two  angulated 
fasciae. 

D.  First  pair  of  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  nearly  perpendicular;  second 
pair  very  oblique. 

E.  A  white  costal  patch  near  the  base iimbellularife. 

EE.  White  costal  patch  indicated  by  dark  margin  only. 

agrifoliella. 

DD.  First  pair  of  streaks  parallel  to  the  second  pair. 
E.  No  costal  streak  before  the  middle;  a  median  fascia. 

saccharella. 
EE.  A  fascia  at  one-fourth  and  one-half. 

F.  White  streak  at  base  of  dorsum  indistinct  or  indicated  by  external 

dark  scales  only. 

G.  Third  costal  streak  long  and  usually  uniting  with  the  third  dor- 
sal  carysefoliella. 

GG.  Third  costal  streak  merely  a  spot lentella. 

FF.  White  streak  at  base  of  dorsum  large  and  distinct. 
G.  A.  tuft  of  brown  scales  in  the  apical  cilia. .  .  macrocarpella. 

GG.  No  such  scales ciiiciniiatiella. 

CC.  No  such  pale  streak  at  base  of  dorsum. 

D.  Dorsal  margin  white  from  base  to  beyond  middle. 

E.  Dorso-basal  streak  extending  to  oblique  streak  above  the  cilia. 
F.  Antennae  annulate  with  brown  for  their  whole  length. 

conglomeratella. 

FF.  Basal  third  erf  antennae  pure  white ulmella. 

EE.  Dorso-basal  streak  extending  but  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the 

dorsal  margin. 
F.  An  oblique  dorsal  streak  at  end  of  basal  streak. 

mediodorsella. 

FF.  No  such  streak quercivorella. 

DD.  Dorsal  margin  not  white. 

E.  Costal  and  dorsal  spots  large;  but  little  oblique,  first  pair  meeting  or 

almost  meeting. 
F.  Apex  enclosed  in  a  conspicuous  semi-circular  white  streak. 

gaultheriella. 

FF.  Last  costal  streak  not  extended  across  the  wing nemoris. 

EE.  Not  as  above;  first  pair  of  streaks  widely  separated. 


ANNETTE    F.     BRAUN.  323 

F.  Dorsal  streak  beyond  fascia  oblique australisella. 

FF.  Dorsal  streak  beyond  fascia  perpendicular  or  absent. 
G.  With  two  costal  streaks  or  spots  before  the  white  streak  or  spot 
forming  the  anterior  edge  of  the  apical  dusting. 

H.  Costal  streaks  unmargined chamber sella. 

HH.  Costal  streaks  margined. 

I.  Ground  color  of  wings  pale,  with  a  coppery  lustre  toward  the 

apex  ;  marks  very  indistinct cerviiia. 

II.  Ground  color  saffron,  marks  white- .  •    plataiioidiella. 
GG.  With  at  most  one  costal  streak  before  the  white  streak  or  spot 

forming  the  anterior  edge  of  the  apical  dusting. 
H.  Median  fascia  but  slightly  angulated  ;  other  white  marks  small 
or  absent. 

I.  Costal  and  dorsal  streaks  absent fasciella. 

II.  Costal  and  dorsal  streaks  present castaiiereella. 

HH.  Median  fascia  sharply  angulated  ;  white  marks  conspicuous. 

I.  First  dorsal  streak  long,  oblique,  curved  . .  .  fle  teller  el  la. 

II.  First  dorsal  streak  perpendicular. 

J.  Marks  dull  white,  faintly  margined betlilivora. 

JJ.  Marks  shining  white,  strongly  margined. 

K.  External  dusting  at  angle  of  fascia  produced  backward  ; 

apex  densely  dusted betliuuella. 

KK.  Externally  margin  of  fascia  not  produced. 

L.  Size  large  (10  mm.) ;  first  dorsal  streak  very  large. 

arcuella. 
LL.  Size  small ;  first  dorsal  streak  short. 

eppelslieimii. 
AA.  Two  straight  or  nearly  straight  fasciae,  nearer  the  base  on  the  dorsal  margin. 

B.  No  costal  or  dorsal  streaks  beyond  fasciae tuhiferella. 

BB.  A  costal  and  a  dorsal  streak  at  three-fourths. 
C.  Without  a  paler  streak  at  the  base  of  the  dorsal  margin. 

D.  Apical  dusting  black  on  a  whitish  ground  and  extended  to  the  tornus. 

g  11  Ui  fin  Hell  a. 
DD.  Apex  velvety  black,  dusting  not  extended  to  tornus. 

obstrictella. 

CC.  With  a  white  streak  or  paler  shade  from  inner  angle  to  fold. 
D.  First  fascia  and  its  dark  margin  broken  near  the  costa. 

aescnlisella. 
DD.  First  fascia  complete. 

E.  Color  deep  reddish  ;  not  ocherous hamameliella. 

EE.  Color  more  ocherous. 
F.  Scales  of  the  apical  third  tipped  with  brown,  marginal  line  in  the 

cilia  distinct ostryarella. 

FF.  Apical  third  not  dusted,  marginal  line  indistinct. 

G.  Apex  of  dorsal  streak  above  cilia  directed  toward  opposite  costal 

streak corylisella. 

GG.  Dorsal  streak  above  cilia  curved  and  directed  toward  apex. 

aceriella. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,    1908. 


324  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Lithocolletis  gaultheriella  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  6. 

LithocolleMs  gaultheriella  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  79,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 
S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1903,  No.  6291. 

"Antennae  closely  annulated  with  white  and  brown,  the  brown  anuulations 
somewhat  wider  apart  toward  the  apex. 

"Palpi  silvery  white,  with  a  small  spot  on  the  outer  side.  Head,  face  silvery 
white;  frontal  tuft  saffron,  mixed  with  white.  Thorax  golden  saffron,  poste- 
riorly whitish. 

"  Forewings  golden  saffron,  shading  to  golden  brown,  no  basal  streak,  three 
costal  and  three  dorsal  snow-white  spots,  the  first  two  pairs  internally  dark  mar- 
gined ;  the  first  costal  spot  is  situated  at  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  wing,  its 
internal  dark  margin  passing  around  its  apex ;  the  corresponding  dorsal  spot  com- 
mences nearer  the  base  of  the  wing  and  sometimes  reaches  obliquely  to,  or  near, 
the  point  of  the  costal  spot;  the  second  costal  spot  at  half  the  wing  length  is 
somewhat  oblique,  square  ended,  and  as  in  the  case  of  the  first  is  placed  some- 
what beyond  its  smaller  corresponding  dorsal  spot,  which  is  pointed  and  has 
some  dark  fuscous  scales  running  outwardly  from  its  apex  and  merging  in  the 
darkened  lower  margin  of  the  costal  spot  above  it ;  the  third  costal  spot  at  one- 
fourth  from  the  apex  is  somewhat  triangular  and  lies  also  farther  from  the  base 
than  the  corresponding  smaller  spot  on  the  dorsal  margin  ;  before  the  anal  angle 
between  these  spots,  lies  a  cloud  of  fuscous  scaling  serving  to  throw  up  and  make 
more  conspicuous  these  white  markings  on  the  golden  brown  ground  color  of  the 
wing;  inclosing  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  a  narrow,  outwardly  eoncave  white 
streak,  not  reaching  through  the  cilia  on  the  apical  but  only  on  the  costal  mar- 
gin ;  beyond  it  are  a  few  darkened  scales  and  sometimes  one  on  two  whitish  ones 
with  them;  cilia  pale,  golden  saffron,  tending  to  golden;  gray  about  the  anal 
angle.  The  only  conspicuous  markings  on  the  under  side  are  two  pale  spots  in 
the  costal  fringes,  corresponding  with  the  last  two  markings  on  the  upper  side. 

"  Hindwings  grayish,  with  golden  gray  cilia.  Abdomen  gray,  anal  tuft  slightly 
paler.  Hind  tarsi  grayish  white,  with  one  or  two  darker  bands  above.  Expanse 
10-11  mm." 

The  above  is  Lord  Walsingham's  description. 

Western  United  States  arid  British  Columbia  (Rev.  George  W. 
Taylor).  The  mine,  on  the  upper  side  of  Gaultheria  shallon,  is  a 
large,  somewhat  irregular  blotch,  occupying  about  half  the  leaf. 
When  mature,  the  leaf  is  slightly  folded  and  the  epidermis  lies  in 
two  fine  ridges  across  one  end  of  the  mine. 

Lithocolletis  nemoris  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  7. 
Lithocolletis  nemoris  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  116,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6293. 

"Antennae  white,  spotted  above  with  fawn  brown.  Palpi  white,  face  white, 
frontal  tuft  whitish,  much  mixed  with  saffron  brown,  especially  at  the  sides. 
Thorax  saffron. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  325 

"  Forewings  rather  shining  saffron,  with  snow-white  markings  consisting  of 
two  transverse  fascia,  slightly  oblique,  and  angulated  beneath  the  costal  margin, 
beyond  which  are  one  dorsal  and  two  costal  streaks ;  there  is  no  basal  streak ;  the 
first  fascia  at  one-fourth  the  wing  length  is  but  slightly  angulated,  margined 
with  scattered  blackish  scales,  widely  on  its  outer  and  very  indistinctly  on  its 
inner  side.  The  second  fascia  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  rather  more  strongly 
angulated  than  the  first;  this  is  also  slenderly  dark  margined  internally  and 
more  widely  so  externally ;  the  black  dusting  on  its  outer  side  being  produced 
backwards  at  the  angle  in  the  direction  of  the  first  costal  streak  ;  this  is  at  the 
commencement  of  the  costal  cilia,  rather  further  from  the  base  than  the  first 
dorsal  streak,  which  is  oblique,  its  point  terminating  below  the  point  of  the  first 
costal  streak ;  from  the  points  of  these  two  streaks  a  cloud  of  black  scales  pro- 
ceeds outwards  along  the  middle  of  the  wing,  forming  a  dark  patch  below,  and 
beyond  the  second  costal  streak  which  is  situated  just  before  the  apex  ;  the  cilia 
are  saffron  shading  to  pale  grayish  saffron  beyond  their  faintly  darker  median 
line. 

"  Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  grayish,  with  a  very  faint  saffron  tinge.  Abdomen 
pale  gray,  anal  tuft  saffron  yellow.  Hind  tarsi  white,  with  two  grayish  fuscous 
bars  above.  Expanse  8  mm. 

"The  puckered  mines  of  this  species  were  found  in  some  abund- 
ance in  June,  1871,  in  Mendocino  County,  California,  on  the  upper 
sides  of  leaves  of  Vaccinium  ovata,  the  mine  occupying  the  whole 
surface  of  each  leaf,  and  causing  the  margins  to  approach  each 
other." 

The  above  is  Lord  Walsingham's  description. 

Lithocolletis  carytef'oliella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  8. 
Lithocolletis  carysefoliella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  323,  1859.— Tin. 

No.  Am.,  65,  74,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  109,  165,  1871.— Frey 

and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  273,  1878.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 

Wash.,  v,  189,  1903.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6288. 
Syn.  juglandiella  Clemens,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  i,  81,  1861. — Tin.  No.  Am.,  170, 

1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  165,  1871;   xi,  91,  1879.— Packard, 

Guide  Stud.  Ins.,  353,  1869. 

"Antennae  silvery,  annulated  with  blackish.  Front  silvery.  Tuft  and  thorax 
reddish  orange.  Forewings  reddish  orange,  with  three  silvery  bands,  black 
margined  externally,  the  second  about  the  middle  of  the  wing,  angulated,  with 
the  black  margin  broad  and  produced  posteriorly  on  a  whitish  ground,  nearly  to 
the  third,  which  is  somewhat  interrupted  in  the  middle;  the  first  midway  be- 
tween the  second  and  the  base  of  the  wing  and  also  angulated  near  the  costa. 
The  apical  portion  of  the  wing  white,  covered  with  dispersed  black  scales,  with 
a  few  black  scales  on  a  whitish  ground,  on  the  costa,  between  the  last  silvery 
band  and  the  dusted  apical  portion  ;  with  two  hinder  marginal  lines,  one  the 
margin  of  the  apical  scales,  the  other  a  dark  brownish  line  in  the  cilia.  Hind- 
wings  pale  brownish  gray  ;  cilia  gray,  with  a  fulvous  hue." 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


326  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA. 

This  species,  of  which  the  above  is  Clemens'  description,  is  the 
the  common  miner  on  the  upper  side  of  hickory  in  the  eastern 
United  States.  The  mines  are  irregular  blotches ;  often  two  or 
more  mines  are  confluent.  The  pupa  is  formed  under  an  oval 
silken  flat  cocoon.  The  mine  occasionally  occurs  on  leaves  of  wal- 
nut and  butternut. 

Imagoes  vary  greatly  in  the  distinctness  of  the  fasciae  and  the 
dark  dusting  ;  often  the  first  fascia  does  not  extend  to  the  costa. 
There  is  a  faintly  indicated  pale  basal  streak  from  the  inner  angle 
to  the  fold. 

Alar  expanse  6-7  mm. 

1  Lrfitliocolletis  lentella  sp.  nov. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  9. 

Antennae  grayish,  broadly  annulate  with  dark  brown.  Face  and  palpi  whit- 
ish, sometimes  with  a  golden  tinge.  Tuft  reddish  saffron,  mixed  with  whitish 
scales  behind. 

Thorax  and  forewings  deep  reddish  saffron.  A  narrow  white  line  on  each 
side  of  the  thorax  is  continuous  with  an  indistinct  curved  whitish  basal  streak 
at  the  inner  angle.  This  streak  is  sometimes  absent,  its  position  being  indicated 
by  the  few  black  scales  which  form  its  external  margin.  There  are  two  angu- 
lated  white  fasciae,  the  first  at  about  the  basal  third,  the  second  at  the  middle  of 
wing  length,  both  strongly  margined  externally,  and  on  the  costa  internally 
with  black  scales.  The  first  of  these  fasciae  sometimes  consists  only  of  a  costal 
and  a  dorsal  streak,  not  connected,  but  of  which  the  black  dusting  is  continuous. 
At  the  apical  third  is  a  white  costal  spot,  margined  on  both  sides,  and  beneath 
with  black  scales.  Beginning  a  little  farther  from  the  base  is  a  long  oblique  dor- 
sal streak,  strongly  margined  behind  with  black  scales.  Oppo'site  its  apex  is  a 
small  white  costal  spot  overlaid  with  black  scales.  Apex  of  the  wing  densely 
dusted  with  black  on  a  whitish  ground.  A  dark  brown  line  runs  through  the 
middle  of  the  cilia,  which  are  grayish  ocherous,  becoming  gray  toward  the  tor- 
nus.  Alar  expanse  6.5-7  mm. 

Hindwings  gray.  Cilia  gray,  with  an  ocherous  tinge.  Abdomen  dark  gray 
above,  pale  reddish  beneath.  Anal  tuft  reddish.  Hind  tibiae  reddish  toward 
their  apices,  tarsi  white,  annulate  with  black. 

Described  from  eleven  specimens;  five  bred  from  a  blotch  mine 

on  the  upperside  of  black  birch, 
Betida  lento,  L.,  from  Cal dwell, 
K  J.,  in  July,  1902,  by  Mr.  W. 
D.  Kearfott ;  two  bred  from  a 
much  wrinkled  blotch  mine  on 
the  upperside  of  Ostrva  Viraini- 

Mine  of  L.  lentella.  TT        -i  /-t  f\\.  •       • 

ana,  Hamilton  County,  Ohio,  in 
June,  1908;  one  flown  specimen,  Caldwell,  N.  J.,  May  17th,  Mr. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  327 

W.  D.  Kearfott,  and  three  in  the  National  Museum,  collected  by 
Mr.  August  Busck,  Washington,  D.  C.,  July,  1903. 

The  mine  on  Ostrya  is  very  characteristic  and  easily  distinguished 
from  that  of  any  other  species  of  the  flat  group  by  the  numerous 
longitudinal  folds  in  the  loosened  epidermis  at  maturity,  causing  the 
opposite  halves  of  the  leaf  to  approach  one  another. 

Liithocolletis  saccliarella  Braun. 
Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  10. 

Lithocolletis  saccharella  Braun,  Ent.  News,  xix,  104,  1908. 

% 

Antennse  pale  ocherous,  beyond  the  basal  third  annulate  with  dark;  several 
joints  toward  the  tip  dark.  Palpi  shining  white.  Face  shining  white.  Tuft 
whitish,  golden  toward  the  sides. 

Thorax  and  forewings  ocherous.  A  white  stripe  on  each  side  of  the  middle 
of  the  thorax  is  continuous  with  a  very  oblique  curved  white  streak  at  the 
inner  angle  of  the  forewing.  This  streak,  which  is  sometimes  dark  margined 
behind,  extends  to  the  fold  and  is  usually  prolonged  along  the  fold  to  unite  with 
the  first  dorsal  streak.  The  first  dorsal  streak  begins  at  the  basal  fifth,  is  oblique 
and  curved,  and  extends  slightly  more  than  halfway  across  the  wing.  The  sec- 
ond dorsal  streak,  at  about  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  margin,  is  also  oblique  and 
curved,  and  near  the  costa  its  apex  meets  that  of  the  first  costal  streak,  which  is 
short,  oblique  and  placed  slightly  beyond  the  middle,  thus  forming  an  acutely 
angled,  interrupted  fascia.  The  second  costal  streak  at  the  apical  fourth  is  some- 
times almost  overlaid  with  black  scales.  Above  the  dorsal  cilia  is  a  long  oblique 
white  streak.  All  the  streaks  are  dark  margined  externally.  Apical  portion 
white,  dusted  with  black.  There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  extent  of  the 
black  dusting,  which  sometimes  extends  to  the  tornus.  Marginal  line  in  the 
cilia  brownish  ocherous.  Cilia  pale  ocherous.  Alar  expanse  5-7  mm. 

'Hindwings  pale  grayish  ocherous.  Cilia  pale  ocherous.  Abdomen  gray  above, 
pale  ocherous  below.  Anal  tuft  ocherous.  Legs  whitish.  Hind  tarsi  faintly 
tipped  with  black. 

Described  from  specimens  bred  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  I  also  have 
specimens  taken  in  Essex  Co.  Park,  N.  J.,  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Kearfott. 

The  mines  of  this  species  are  very  com- 
mon on  sugar  maples,  Acer  saccharum 
Marsh,  and  Acer  nigrum  Michx.,  as 
many  as  25  or  30  mines  sometimes  occur- 
ring on  one  leaf.  The  mine  is  a  small 
irregular  blotch  on  the  upper  side.  The 
pupa  is  not  enclosed  in  a  cocoon.  The 
imagoes  appear  from  May  to  June  and 

Mine  of  L.  saccharella.  .      .        . 

again  in  August. 

Mr.  Chambers  (Can.  Ent.,  iii,  130,  1871)  confused  this  species 
with  L.  aceriella  Clem.,  which  it  in  no  way  resembles. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1906. 


328  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEP1DOPTERA. 

Lithocolletis  macrocarpella  Frey  and  Boll. 

(Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  11.) 

Lithocolletis  macrocarpella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit,  xxxix,  261,  1878.— 
Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  78,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
1902,  No.  6289. 

Face,  palpi  and  underside  of  the  antennae  white,  antennae  above  annulate  with 
brown  ;  tuft  white,  mixed  with  brown  and  saffron  scales. 

Thorax  brownish  saffron,  with  its  apex  and  two  longitudinal  stripes  white. 
Sometimes  almost  the  entire  thorax  is  white.  Forewings  brownish  saffron,  very 
feebly  shining.  A  broad  curved  basal  streak  from  the  inner  margin  to  the  fold 
is  densely  dusted  behind  with  blackish  scales.  Two  white  fasciae  angulated  near 
the  costa,  one  at  the  basal  third,  the  other  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  length  ;  the 
dorsal  arm  of  each  slightly  curved.  Each  fascia  is  internally  margined  by  a  few 
black  scales  near  the  costal  and  the  dorsal  margins.  On  the  outer  side  the  costal 
arm  of  each  has  a  few  black  scales  near  the  costa;  the  dorsal  arm  is  densely 
dusted  with  blackish  scales,  which  are  produced  backward  at  the  angle.  A 
white  costal  streak  at  two-thirds  is  dusted  with  blackish  scales.  Opposite  it  is 
an  oblique  curved  dorsal  streak,  dusted  behind  with  blackish  scales,  running 
into  the  dusted  apical  portion.  Before  the  apex  is  a  white  costal  streak  with  a 
few  black  scales  before  it  on  the  costa.  Apical  part  of  the  wing  dusted  with 
black  on  a  white  ground.  Hinder  marginal  line  in  the  cilia  brownish,  with  a 
few  blackish  scales  intermixed.  Cilia  around  the  apex  of  the  wing  color,  gray- 
ish toward  the  tornus.  In  the  cilia,  extending  outwards  from  the  apex,  is  a 
small  pencil  of  dark  brown  scales.  Expanse  8.5-9  mm. 

Hindwings  brownish  gray,  with  somewhat  lighter  cilia.  Abdomen  in  the 
male  dark  gray,  in  the  female  lighter,  somewhat  ocherous.  Anal  tuft  ocherous 
brown.  Legs  and  tarsi  whitish,  spotted  with  dark  brown. 

This  species  was  originally  described  by  Frey  and  Boll  from 
specimens  from  mines  on  the  upperside  of  leaves  of  Quercus  macro- 
earpa  Michx.  in  Texas.  I  have  a  series  of  specimens  bred  by  Mr. 
W.  D.  Kearfott  from  blotch  mines  on  the  upperside  of  leaves  of 
chestnut,  Montclair,  N.  J.  The  density  of  the  black  dusting  varies 
somewhat,  and  in  one  specimen  the  basal  streak  is  confluent  with 
the  dorsal  arm  of  the  first  fascia. 

Very  close  to  L.  cincinnatiella  Chambers,  but  distinguished  from 
it  by  the  larger  size,  darker  and  less  shining  ground  color  of  the 
forewings;  the  more  oblique  and  slightly  curved  dorsal  streaks;  and 
the  tuft  of  dark  brown  scales  in  the  apical  cilia,  which  is  wanting  in 
cincinnatiella. 

The  mine  of  macrocarpella  also  differs  from  that  of  cincinnatiella, 
being  of  the  usual  upperside  blotch  type  and  containing  but  a  single 
larva. 


ANNETTE    F.     BRAUN.  329 

Litliocolletis  cinciiinatiella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  12. 

Litkocolletia  cincinnatiella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  146,  149,  1871.— Cin.  Quart. 
Jn.  Sci.,  i,  203,  1874.— Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iii,  141,  1877.— Walsing- 
ham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  78,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No. 
6287. 

"Face,  palpi,  under  surface  and  legs  silvery  white,  the  legs  marked  on  their 
anterior  surface  with  golden  and  brownish  spots  and  bands:  tuft  white,  golden 
at  the  sides;  antennae  silvery  white  beneath,  above  golden  brown,  faintly  annu- 
late with  whitish  ;  thorax  and  anterior  wings  bright  golden  ;  upon  the  wings  is 
a  short  snow-white  median  basal  streak  strongly  dark  margined  behind  and 
within.  (Sometimes  the  anterior  margin  and  sides  of  the  thorx  are  also  white.) 
Two  snow-white  fascise,  one  at  about  the  basal  one-fourth,  the  other  about  the 
middle,  both  strongly  dark  margined  behind,  and  sometimes  slightly  so  inte- 
riorly; and  both  strongly  nngulated  posteriorly  near  the  costa;  with  the  first 
sometimes  slightly  interrupted  at  the  angle,  and  the  dark  margin  of  the  second 
posteriorly  produced.  A  long  oblique  snow-white  dorsal  streak  at  the  base  of 
the  dorsal  cilia  posteriorly  dark  margined,  and  a  smaller  costal  one  a  little  behind 
it  at  the  base  of  the  costal  cilia,  similarly  dark  margined.  This  dorsal  streak  is 
sometimes  posteriorly  produced,  and  confluent  with  a  straight  dorso-apical 
streak,  which  is  faintly  dark  margined  behind,  but  is  sometimes  entirely  want- 
ing. When  present  it  forms  the  interior  border  to  the  apical  dusting.  Some- 
times the  costal  streak  is  produced  so  as  to  be  confluent  with  it  also,  and  opposite 
to  it  there  is  sometimes  a  costo-apical  white  spot  which  is  separated  from  it  by 
the  apical  dusting,  which  extends  thence  to  the  apex  and  is  black  upon  a  white 
ground.  Hinder  marginal  line  in  the  cilia  dark  brown.  Cilia  golden.  Alar 
expanse  one-fourth  to  one-third  inch." 

The  species,  of  which  the  above  is  the  original  description,  is 
common  in  the  eastern  United  States. 

The  larvae  form  large  blotch  mines  on  the  upper  surface  of  leaves 
of  white  oak,  Qaercus  alba  L.  One  mine  will  often  contain  from 
several  to  a  dozen  larvse.  The  loosened  epidermis  is  brownish  yel- 
low, somewhat  puckered,  and  often  covering  nearly  the  entire  leaf. 

Lithocolletis   hamadryadella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  13. 

Lithocolletis  hamadryadella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  324,  1859.— Tin. 
No.  Am.,  65,  77,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  55,  164,  182,  1871.— 
Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  201, 1875 ;  ii,  104. 1875.— Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent. 
Zeit.,  xxxix,  262,  1878.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  190,  1903.— 
hamadryella  Dyar.  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6334. 
Syn.  alternatella  Zeller,  Verb,  zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  xxv,  351,  1875. — alternata 

Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  153,  1878. 

Antennae  white,  with  dark  annulations;  face  and  tuft  white,  the  latter  mixed 
with  gray.  Thorax  white,  sometimes  sparsely  sprinkled  with  gray.  Forewings 
white,  with  two  angulated,  shining,  ocherous  fascise;  the  first  just  before  the 

TRA.NS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  (42)  OCTOBER,    1908. 


330  AMERICAN    MICROLEPIDOPTERA. 

basal  third  and  margined  internally  with  dispersed  blackish  scales,  sometimes 
interrupting  it  in  the  middle;  the  second  just  behind  the  middle  and  margined 
internally  with  dispersed  scales  which  are  produced  in  the  middle,  dividing  it 
into  two  parts.  In  the  space  between  the  fasciae  are  a  few  scattered  ocherous 
scales  and  an  irregular  line  of  blackish  scales  through  the  middle.  Near  the 
apex  is  a  costal  and  a  dorsal  ocherous  patch,  sometimes  meeting,  with  the  space 
between  them  and  the  second  fascia  more  or  less  marked  with  a  line  of  irregular 
dusting,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  more  or  less  dense  cloud  of  dusting, 
sometimes  connected  with  the  produced  margining  of  the  second  fascia.  Apical 
portion  white,  mixed  with  ocherous,  and  densely  dusted  with  black  scales  con- 
nected with  the  line  separating  the  costal  and  dorsal  ocherous  patches.  Basal 
third,  of  the  wing  more  or  less  dusted  with  black  and  marked  with  ocherous;  a. 
small  patch  of  black  scales  on  the  costa  near  the  base,  followed  by  a  black  dust- 
ing sometimes  arranged  into  two  irregular  bands  upon  an  ocherous  ground,  of 
which  the  more  basal  one  is  the  broader.  Hinder  marginal  line  of  blackish 
scales.  Cilia  tinged  with  saffron.  Expanse  6.5-8.5  mm.,  the  usual  size  about 
8  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray,  the  latter  tinged  with  fulvous.  Abdomen  gray, 
with  ocherous  anal  tuft.  Legs  white,  tibiae  and  tarsi  spotted  with  black. 

Very  common  throughout  the  Atlantic  States.  The  larva,  which 
is  of  the  flat  type,  forms  an  irregular  whitish  blotch  mine  on  the 
upperside  of  oak,  most  commonly  upon  Quercus  alba  L.  While 
the  species  is  usually  confined  to  oak  as  the  food  plant,  I  have  speci- 
mens bred  from  Magnolia  (District  of  Columbia)  and  Ostrya  Vir- 
giniana  (Cincinnati),  which  cannot  be  separated  from  those  on  oak. 

Lithocolletis  umbellularice  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  14. 

Lithocolletis  umbellularise  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  78,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 
S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6290. 

"Antennae  white,  evenly  dotted  with  brown  along  their  upper  sides,  the  five 
brown  spots  towards  the  apex  being  larger  and  more  widely  separated  than  the 
others.  Palpi  shining  white.  Face  shining  white,  frontal  tuft  yellowish  in  the 
middle,  saffron  brown  at  the  sides.  Thorax  golden  saffron,  whitish  behind. 

"  Forewings  golden  saffron,  somewhat  shining,  a  short  white  patch  at  the  base 
of  the  dorsal  margin  reaches  to  the  fold  and  is  exteriorly  dark  margined,  the 
dark  margin  of  a  somewhat  similar  white  spot  on  the  costal  portion  of  the  wing, 
also  reaches  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  fold  a  little  beyond  it ;  at  one-fourth  the 
wing  length  is  a  waved  white  fascia  running  nearly  straight  from  the  dorsal 
margin  to  the  fold,  and  bulging  outwards  beneath  the  costa;  this  is  distinctly 
dark  margined  externally  throughout  and  briefly  so  internally;  immediately 
adjoining  the  costal  margin  at  half  the  wing  length  is  a  broad,  very  oblique, 
white  costal  streak  dark  margined  on  both  sides  and  freely  dusted  with  blackish 
scales  around  the  apex;  the  black  dusting  is  continued  along  the  outer  side  of 
an  opposite  less  oblique  dorsal  streak,  the  apex  of  which  reaches  as  far  as  the 
edge  of  the  costal  streak  above  it;  at  three-fourths  the  wing  length  is  a  white 
costal  spot  slightly  margined  with  blackish  atoms,  and  opposite  to  this  is  another 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  331 

white  dorsal  streak,  very  oblique,  externally  margined  at  the  apex  with  dusky 
atoms,  which  are  continued  so  as  to  form  a  large  patch  of  blackish  dusting,  at 
the  apex  of  the  wing,  on  the  upper  side  of  which  patch  lies  a  sickle-shaped  white 
costal  streak,  concave  towards  the  costal  margin  ;  cilia  pale  saffron,  with  a  brown 
line  running  through  the  middle  and  reaching  around  the  apex  nearly  to  the 
anal  angle,  where  they  become  paler,  inclining  to  grayish. 

"  Hindwings  and  cilia  pale  grayish.  Abdomen  dark  gray  above,  grayish  white 
beneath  ;  anal  tuft  yellowish.  Hind  tibise  white,  with  two  broadish  black  bars 
across  their  upper  sides,  and  a  small  black  terminal  spot.  Expanse  9  mm. 

"  Mendocino  County,  CaL,  found  and  bred  in  the  month  of  June, 
1871.  Three  specimens,  from  large  diffused  blister-like  mines  on 
the  upperside  of  leaves  of  Umbellularia  californica  Ntittal ;  the  pupa 
being  inclosed  in  a  semi-transparent  flat  oval  silken  web,  within  the 
mine,  like  that  of  eincinnatiella  Chamb.,  to  which  species  it  is  some- 
what allied.  Its  nearest  ally  in  America  is  probably  macrocarpella 
Frey  and  Boll,  but  it  differs  in  the  possession  of  a  dark  margined 
costa  basal  spot  and  in  the  comparatively  straight  first  fascia." 
These  characters  also  serve  to  separate  it  from  eincinnatiella  Chamb." 

The  above  is  Lord  Walsingham's  description. 

Liithocolletis  agrifoliella  Braun. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  15. 
Lithocolletis  agrifolidla  Braun,  Eut.  News,  xix,  105,  1908. 

Antennae  pale  ocherous,  spotted  with  brown  above,  the  last  five  spots  more 
widely  separated.  Palpi  yellowish  white,  dark  brown  externally.  Face  yellow- 
ish white.  Tuft  yellowish  in  the  middle,  brown  at  the  sides.  Thorax  reddish 
ocherous,  with  a  few  dark  scales  on  the  patagia. 

Forewings  reddish  ocherous,  somewhat  shining.  At  the  basal  fourth  is  a  per- 
pendicular white  dorsal  streak  dark  margined  externally,  and  reaching  to  the 
fold.  A  little  farther  back  is  a  nearly  perpendicularly  placed  white  costal  streak, 
convex  outwardly  beneath  the  costa  and  also  attaining  the  fold  slightly  beyond 
the  dorsal  streak  ;  it  is  strongly  dark  margined  externally  ;  its  short  internal 
straight  dark  margin  is  opposite  the  external  dark  margin  of  the  first  dorsal 
streak.  Near  the  base  the  costal  portion  of  the  wing  is  of  a  smoky  hue.  Placed 
diagonally  across  the  wing  toward  the  base  on  a  line  with  the  internal  edging  of 
the  first  costal  streak  are  two  black  transverse  spots,  the  first  just  above  the  fold, 
and  the  second  nearer  the  base  just  below  the  fold  ;  sometimes  with  a  few  whit- 
ish scales  internally.  At  about  the  middle  of  the  wing  length  is  a  broad  oblique 
costal  streak,  internally  dark  margined  near  the  costa,  and  its  external  dark 
dusting  continued  as  the  external  dusting  of  a  much  narrower  dorsal  streak, 
whose  apex  just  meets  that  of  the  costal.  At  the  angle  the  dusting  is  very  dense 
on  a  white  ground  and  is  continued  backward  as  a  broad  band,  nearly  one-half 
the  breadth  of  the  wing,  to  a  point  between  the  third  costal  and  dorsal  streaks. 
The  third  costal  streak,  which  is  sometimes  a  spot,  not  touching  the  costa,  is 
inwardly  oblique,  and  externally  dark  margined.  Opposite  it  is  a  long  oblique 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,    1906. 


332  AMERICAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

dorsal  streak,  whose  external  dark  margin  is  continued  into  the  dusted  apex, 
and  which  usually  unites  with  a  sickle-shaped  costal  streak  lying  above  the 
dusted  apex,  and  concave  toward  the  costa.  The  dark  margin  of  the  third  costal 
streak  is  sometimes  continued  along  the  costa  to  this  last  streak.  Cilia  ocherous, 
with  a  dark  brown  hinder  marginal  line  through  their  middle.  Alar  expanse 
7.5-9  mm. 

Hindwings  gray,  with  a  bluish  metallic  lustre.  Cilia  fulvous.  Abdomen  dark 
bluish  metallic  above  in  the  male,  pale  yellowish  beneath,  with  a  median  line 
and  diagonal  marks  on  each  segment  dark.  In  the  female  with  the  last  two  or 
three  segments  and  tuft  ocherous,  pale  ocherous  beneath  and  marked  as  in  the 
male.  Legs  whitish,  the  first  two  pair  annulate  with  black  ;  hind  tibise  shaded 
with  ocherous  and  black  scales,  tarsi  tipped  with  black. 

Mills  College,  Alarneda  County,  California. 

Described  from  specimens  bred  from  leaves  of  Quercus  agrifolia 
Nee.  received  from  Mr.  G.  R.  Pilate.  The  mine  is  a  whitish,  some- 
what irregular  blotch  on  the  upperside  of  the  leaf.  The  pupa  is 
formed  under  a  flat  nearly  circular  semi-transparent  web,  the  upper 
epidermis,  as  is  usual,  being  thrown  into  a  longitudinal  fold. 

This  species  is  very  near  to  umbellularice  Wlsm.  The  most 
marked  difference  is  the  absence  of  the  costal  and  dorsal  basal  white 
patches  characteristic  of  that  species. 

Lithocolletis  coiiglomeratella  Zeller. 
Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  16. 

Lithocolletis  conglomeratdla  Zeller,  Verh.  zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  xxv,  346,  1875.— 
Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  24,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
1902,  No.  6295. 

Syn.  bicolorella  Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv.  103,  1878.— obtusilobte  Frey 
and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit..  xxxix,  265,  1878. 

Thorax  saffron  yellow;  head  lighter,  with  whitish  face  and  palpi.  Autennse 
closely  annulate  with  brown,  annulations  obsolete  toward  the  base.  Fore  and 
middle  tarsi  white,  spotted  with  black  ;  hind  tarsi  pure  white.  Of  the  size  of  an 
average  quercifoliella.  Forewings  dull  saffron  yellow.  On  the  costa  there  are 
two  very  short  oblique  streaks  and  a  dot,  at  one-third,  one-half  and  two-thirds 
the  wing  length,  all  three  of  a  lustreless  white  color.  The  two  former  are  exter- 
nally blackish  margined,  the  second  being  the  longer  and  dusted  around  its  apex 
with  black  scales.  A  narrow  white  line  extends  along  the  dorsal  margin,  becom- 
ing less  distinct  opposite  the  first  costal  streak,  beyond  which  it  is  almost  obso- 
lete, until  it  reaches  a  place  between  the  second  costal  streak  and  the  costal  spot, 
where  it  is  broadened  and  deflexed,and  extends  as  the  inner  margin  of  the  black 
apical  dusting,  nearly  to  the  apex  of  the  wing  in  an  outwardly  convex  line  be- 
coming narrower.  £uch  is  the  case  in  but  one  specimen  ;  in  the  second  it  stops 
entirely  after  the  broadening,  which  makes  a  short  streak,  and  as  an  indication 
of  its  continuation,  there  is  an  indistinct  dot  above  the  dusting,  somewhat  behind 
the  costal  streak.  Toward  the  dorsal  cilia  and  partly  on  them  is  a  broad  trans- 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  333 

verse  streak,  made  up  of  a  cloud  of  black  dusting,  narrowly  separated  from  the 
dusting  of  the  second  costal  streak.  Cilia  yellowish  gray,  yellowish  around  the 
dusted  portion,  and  without  lustre. 

Hindwings  gray,  their  cilia  lighter.  None  of  the  markings  reappear  upon  the 
underside  of  the  forewings. 

ID  addition  to  the  above  description,  Zeller  has  noted  another 
form  of  this  variable  species,  in  which  the  dusting,  especially  that 
in  the  apical  portion,  is  much  less  dense. 

Very  widely  distributed,  occurring  from  New  Jersey  to  Ohio, 
southward  and  westward  to  Texas  and  California. 

The  larvae  form  blotch  mines  on  the  upper  side  of  leaves  of  vari- 
ous species  of  oak.  The  pupa  is  formed  under  a  flat,  nearly  circu- 
lar silken  cocoon.  I  have  a  series  bred  from  live  oak,  Quercus  Vir- 
giniana  Mill,  from  Fortress  Monroe,  Va.,  showing  all  intergrades 
between  specimens  having  the  deflexed  dorso-basal  streak  extending 
unbroken  nearly  to  the  costa,  and  those  in  which  it  is  nearly  over- 
laid with  black  dusting.  The  figure  represents  a  specimen  of  the 
former  variety.  There  is  a  median  white  streak  on  the  thorax  not 
mentioned  in  the  description.  The  character  "hind  tarsi  pure 
white"  is  by  no  means  constant  or  reliable,  as  several  specimens 
have  the  first  tarsal  joint  very  distinctly  tipped  with  black. 

A  series  in  the  National  Museum,  bred  by  Mr.  Busck  on  live  oak 
from  Willis,  Texas,  is  darker,  more  densely  dusted,  and  has  the 
antennal  joints  very  distinctly  annulate  all  the  way  to  the  base. 

Alar  expanse  7.5-9  mm. 

Lithocolletis  ulmella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  17. 

Lithocolletis  ulmella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  148,  1871. — Gin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i, 
202,  1874;  ii,  101,  1875.— Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit,  xxxiv,  214, 
1873.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  24,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  1902,  No.  6294. 

Syn.  modesta  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit,  xxxvii,  224,  1876;  xxxix,  274,  1878. 

"Face  and  palpi  silvery  white,  tuft  white,  intermixed  with  golden.  Antennae 
silvery  white,  the  apical  two-thirds  annulate  with  brownish.  Legs  and  under 
surface  silvery  white.  Anterior  wings  bright  golden,  inclining  to  orange,  with  a 
white  streak  along  the  dorsal  margin  from  the  base  to  the  cilia,  where  it  is  de- 
flexed  and  passes  on  to  the  dusted  portion  of  the  apex  which  is  near  the  posterior 
margin,  and  is  dark  brown  on  a  white  ground.  There  are  three  small  costal  sil- 
very streaks,  the  first  and  second  being  near  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin, 
and  the  second  one  the  largest,  while  the  third  is  small  and  near  the  apex. 
There  is  some  variation  in  the  size  of  the  third  costal  streak  and  in  the  extent  of 

TRANS.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


334  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEP1DOPTERA. 

the  apical  dusting,  and  sometimes  the  costal  streaks  are  faintly  dark  margined. 
The  abdomen  and  legs  are  very  pale  golden  varied  with  white.  Alar  expanse 
one-fourth  to  nearly  one-third  inch." 

The  larvse  form  irregular  blotch  mines  on  the  upper  side  of  leaves 
of  elms,  Ulmus  fulva  Michx.  and  Ulmus  Americana  L.  The  pupa 
of  the  summer  brood  is  formed  under  a  flat  silken  cocoon.  A  later 
hibernating  brood  changes  from  the  usual  green  color  to  a  pale  yel- 
low color,  and  passes  the  winter  in  silk  lined  chambers. 

The  expanse  of  the  imago  does  not  vary  as  greatly  as  would 
appear  from  Mr.  Chambers'  measurements,  being  6.5-7  mm.  The 
original  description,  printed  above,  is  accurate  in  all  other  details, 
except  that  the  second  costal  streak  is  often  more  than  "  faintly 
dark  margined  "  behind. 

Although  resembling  L.  conglomeratella  Zell.  very  closely,  it  may 
be  distinguished  from  it  by  the  uniformly  smaller  size,  paler  ground 
color  of  the  wings,  slightly  more  oblique  position  of  the  costal 
streaks,  the  absence  of  the  tuft  of  scales  in  the  apical  cilia  and 
especially  by  the  antennae.  In  ulmella  the  apical  two- thirds  only 
are  annulate  with  brown,  while  in  conglomeratella  the  annulations 
are  always  present  for  the  whole  length,  although  sometimes  indis- 
tinct toward  the  base. 

Lithocolletis  quercivorella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  18. 

Lithocolletis  quercivorella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  xi,  145,  1879. — Walsingham,  Ins. 
Life,  ii,  24,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6296. 

Face,  palpi,  tuft  and  antennae  silvery  white;  sides  of  the  tuft  reddish  orange ; 
each  joint  of  the  antennae  spotted  above  with  dark  brown,  the  spots  becoming 
small  and  indistinct  toward  the  base.  Thorax  and  forewings  golden  ;  a  median 
white  streak  on  the  thorax  is  continuous  with  a  dorso-basal  white  streak  on  the 
forewing,  which  extends  slightly  beyond  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  margin.  Its 
end  is  usually  bordered  with  two  or  three  fuscous  scales.  There  are  three  costal 
white  streaks,  of  which  the  first  two  are  oblique.  The  first  at  one-third  is  dark 
margined  behind  and  sometimes  on  the  costa  before ;  the  second  at  the  middle 
of  the  wing  length  is  dark  margined  behind  and  around  the  tip,  and  the  dark 
scales  are  produced  backward  for  a  short  distance.  The  third  is  a  spot  before 
the  cilia  dark  margined  on  both  sides.  Opposite  this  is  an  oblique  dorsal  streak 
densely  margined  with  blackish  scales  behind,  the  dark  margin  passing  into  the 
dusted  apical  part  of  the  wing.  Cilia  silvery  ocherous;  hinder  marginal  line 
dark  brown.  Expanse  6.5-7  mm. 

Hindwings  silvery  ocherous,  cilia  concolorous.  Abdomen  pale  yellow.  Legs 
whitish,  shaded  with  ocherous.  In  the  original  description  Mr.  Chambers  says 
"  tarsi  annulate  with  black."  The  fore  and  middle  tarsi  are  always  annulate 
with  black,  but  more  often  the  hind  tarsi  are  silvery  white. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  335 

The  species  occurs  probably  throughout  the  entire  eastern  half  of 
the  United  States  upon  various  species  of  oak.  The  mine  is  a  flat 
blotch  upon  the  upperside  of  the  leaf,  similar  to  that  of  L.  conglom- 
eratella  Zell. 

Quercivorella  is  closely  related  to  ulmella  and  conglomeratella  but 
may  be  distinguished  from  both  by  the  fact  that  the  dorso  basal 
white  streak  extends  only  a  short  distance  beyond  the  middle.  The 
dorsal  margin  is  of  the  ground  color  from  here  to  the  oblique  streak, 
which  occupies  the  same  position  as  the  deflexed  portion  of  the 
dorso-basal  streak  in  conglomeratella  and  ulmella. 

Lithocolletis  mediodorsella  sp.  nov. 
Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  19. 

Antennae  whitish,  spotted  above  with  brown.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Tuft 
whitish,  ocherous  toward  the  sides. 

Thorax  and  forewings  reddish  ocherous.  At  the  basal  third  is  an  oblique 
white  costal  streak,  black  margined  externally.  A  broad  white  stripe  through 
the  middle  of  the  thorax  is  continuous  with  a  dorso-basal  white  stripe  extending 
to  beyond  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  margin.  From  its  end  a  white  dorsal  streak 
extends  obliquely  upward  uniting  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  with  a  similar  cos- 
tal streak  to  form  a  somewhat  interrupted  angulated  fascia  of  which  the  external 
dark  dusting  at  the  angle  is  produced  backwards  on  a  white  ground  for  a  short 
distance.  At  the  apical  third  is  a  white  costal  spot,  with  a  few  dark  scales  exter- 
nally, and  opposite  it  is  a  long,  oblique  dorsal  streak,  dark  margined  externally 
and  uniting  with  a  curved  streak,  concave  toward  the  costa,  which  often  extends 
through  the  cilia,  and  forms  the  internal  border  to  the  dusting  of  the  apex, 
which  is  black  upon  a  white  ground.  Cilia  ocherous,  becoming  gray  toward  the 
tornus,  with  a  dark  ocherous  line  through  their  middle.  Expanse  7-8.5  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  grayish  ocherous.  Abdomen  grayish  ocherous,  with  pale 
anal  tuft.  Legs  whitish,  shaded  with  brown ;  hind  tarsi  very  faintly  tipped 
with  black. 

Type.— No.  12006,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

Sonoma  County,  California.  Described  from  two  specimens,  one 
bred  on  oak  by  Mr.  A.  Koebele,  the  other  collected  by  Lord  Wals- 
ingham,  May  22-23,  1871. 

Closely  related  to  quercivorella  Cham.,  from  which  it  differs,  how- 
ever, by  the  presence  of  the  oblique  dorsal  streak  at  the  end  of  the 
dorso-basal  streak.  It  is  also  of  somewhat  greater  expanse. 

Lithocolletis  australisella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  20. 

Lithocolletis  australisella  Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  103,  1878.— Dyar, 
Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  1902,  No.  6297. 

TRANS.  AM.  KNT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


336  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA. 

"  No  basal  streak  nor  apical  spot  on  the  forewings,  which  are  pale  golden  (ahout 
the  color  of  L.  argentinotella  Clem.).  There  is  no  distinct  hinder  marginal  line 
in  the  pale  yellow  cilia.  The  marks  on  the  wings  are:  first,  a  small,  white,  dor- 
sal streak ;  then  an  oblique,  white  costal  streak  about  the  basal  third  of  the  wing 
length  ;  a  silvery  white  fascia  about  the  middle,  which  is  posteriorly  angulated 
nearer  to  the  costal  than  to  the  dorsal  margin  ;  a  small,  silvery  white  costal  spot, 
immediately  before  the  cilia,  and  a  longer  dorsal  one  opposite  to  it,  extending 
obliquely  backward  ;  all  of  these  marks  are  posteriorly  dark  margined,  the  dark 
margin  of  the  last  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  almost  meeting  in  the  apical  part  of 
the  wing;  apex  dusted  with  dark  brown  on  a  white  ground.  Thorax  pale  golden, 
with  a  white  streak  from  its  anterior  margin  to  the  apex.  Head,  tuft,  palpi  and 
antennge  silvery  white,  each  joint  of  the  antennae  dotted  above  with  brown,  and 
the  basal  joint  pale  golden  above.  Under  surface  of  body,  wings,  and  legs  pale 
luteous,  the  legs  stained  with  brownish  on  their  anterior  surfaces.  Alar  expan- 
sion three  lines  and  one-half.  Bosque  County,  Texas." 

The  above  is  Chambers'  original  description  of  the  species. 
Liithocolletis  chambersella  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  21. 
Lithocolletis  chambersella  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  78,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6300. 
Syn.  quinquenotella  Chambers  (not  Frey),  Jn.  Cin.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  189,  1880. 

"  Face,  palpi  and  antennae  silvery  white,  the  antennae  faintly  stained  with  fus- 
cous. Vertex,  thorax  and  forewings  yellowish  saffron  (less  golden  than  argenti- 
notella Clem.).  Forewings  with  four  silvery  costal  streaks,  the  first  two  oblique, 
and  the  others  perpendicular  to  the  margin,  and  the  last  passing  into  the  white 
ground  color  of  the  apex,  which  is  densely  dusted  with  fuscous ;  none  of  the  cos- 
tal streaks  are  dark  margined.  Opposite  to  the  apex  of  the  first  costal  streak 
begins  a  long,  oblique  dorsal  streak,  which,  behind  the  middle  of  the  wing  length, 
becomes  confluent  with  the  second  costal  streak,  and  is  strongly  dark  margined 
behind.  There  is  no  basal  streak,  apical  spot,  or  hinder  marginal  line.  Legs 
silvery  white ;  but  the  first  pair  of  tarsi  are  marked  on  their  anterior  surfaces 
with  fuscous  spots.  Abdomen  silvery  white,  stained  with  pale  lead  color  be- 
neath. Alar  expanse  a  little  over  one-fourth  inch.  Texas." 

The  above  is  Mr.  Chambers'  description. 

Lithocolletis  cervina  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  22. 
Lithocolletis  cervina  Walsingham,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxxiii,  221,  1907. 

"Antennae  whitish.     Palpi  white.     Head  pale  rust-brown  ;  face  white. 

"Forewings  whitish  fawn,  with  very  indistinct  whitish  costal  streaklets;  the 
first,  before  the  middle,  oblique,  outwardly  margined  with  rust  brown;  the  sec- 
ond, at  about  the  middle,  also  outwardly  margined  with  rust-brown,  runs 
obliquely  outward  and  is  angulated  on  the  cell,  returning  to  the  middle  of  the 
dorsum,  its  lower  half  longer  and  more  oblique  than  its  upper;  the  third  costal 
streak  in  triangular,  not  oblique,  also  outwardly  margined  with  rust-brown, 
which  is  continued  across  the  wing  to  the  tornus,  where  there  is  also  a  faint 
indication  of  a  whitish  spot;  there  is  no  basal  streak,  and,  except  for  a  slightly 
paler  space  before  the  line  of  dark  scales  on  the  middle  of  the  dorsum,  no  defined 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  337 

dorsal  streak  ;  the  space  between  the  streaks  and  about  the  apical  portion  of  the 
wing  is  slightly  shaded  with  rust-brown,  and  the  apex  is  profusely  sprinkled 
with  blackish  scales  mixed  with  some  white  ones;  a  slender  blackish  line  runs 
around  the  extreme  apex  at  the  base  of  the  pale  cilia,  which  have  a  pale  rust- 
brown  line  running  through  their  middle.  Alar  expanse  6  mm. 

"Hindwings  and  cilia  grayish.    Abdomen  grayish.     Legs  whitish,  unspotted.1' 

Lord  Walsingham  described  the  species  from  a  specimen  from 
New  York  in  the  Beutenmiiller  collection. 

Liitliocolletis  platanoidiella  Braun. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  23. 
Lithocolletis  platanoidiella  Braun,  Ent.  News,  xix,  106,  1908. 

Antennae  whitish,  banded  with  brown  above.  Palpi  shining  white.  Face 
shining  white,  with  a  slight  golden  lustre.  Tuft  golden. 

Thorax  and  forewings  deep  shining  ocherous.  Extreme  edge  of  the  costa 
towards  the  base  black.  The  first  costal  streak  at  the  basal  fourth  short,  oblique 
and  outwardly  dark  margined.  The  second  costal  streak  at  the  middle  of  the 
wing  length  is  also  oblique,  and  its  apex  meets  that  of  the  longer  corresponding 
dorsal  streak,  which  begins  at  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  margin,  somewhat  nearer 
the  base  than  the  costal  streak.  There  is  thus  formed  an  interrupted,  augulated 
white  fascia,  of  which  the  external  dark  dusting  is  continuous,  and  is  prolonged 
backward  to  the  space  between  the  third  costal  and  the  second  dorsal  streaks. 
These  latter  streaks  are  placed  opposite  to  each  other,  the  costal  at  the  apical 
third,  the  dorsal  at  the  tornus,  and  both  are  dark  margined  behind.  Fourth  cos- 
tal streak  somewhat  oblique,  pointing  forwards,  and  dark  margined  behind  by  a 
few  black  scales.  Apical  portion  white,  dusted  with  black  scales.  This  dusted 
portion  forms  an  almost  rectangular  area.  At  the  base  of  the  costal  cilia,  but 
not  extending  through  them,  and  anterior  to  the  dusted  apex,  is  a  small  white 
streak.  Marginal  line  in  the  cilia  brown.  Cilia  ocherous  around  the  apex,  be- 
-coming  gray  towards  the  tornus.  Alar  expanse  6.5-8  mm. 

Hindwings  gray.  Cilia  gray,  tinged  with  reddish.  Abdomen  gray  above, 
shining  silvery  ocherous  beneath.  Anal  tuft  ocherous.  Front  legs  dark  brown 
above,  with  a  narrow  white  stripe  beneath.  Tarsi  white  at  their  bases.  Middle 
and  hind  legs  whitish  ocherous,  their  tarsi  tipped  with  black. 

I  have  bred  this  species  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  from  blotch  mines 
on  the  upper  surface  of  leaves  of  several  species  of  oak,  viz. :  Quercus 
alba  L.,  Quercus  macrocarpa  Michx.,  Quercus  platanoides  (Lam.). 
The  larva  is  of  the  flat  type,  and  when  mature  spins  an  oval  flat 
cocoon.  .  The  imagoes  appear  in  August.  The  larvse  of  the  fall 
brood  hibernate  in  silken  lined  chambers.  There  is  a  specimen  in 
the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  from  New  York  (Beutenmiiller  collection). 

This  species  superficially  resembles  L.  bethunella  Cham.,  from 
which  it  can  be  distinguished  by  the  absence  of  the  dorsal  streak  at 
the  basal  fourth,  and  by  the  presence  of  two  costal  streaks  beyond 
the  fascia,  there  being  but  one  such  streak  in  L.  bethunella. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  (43)  OCTOBER,  1908. 


338  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA. 

Litliocolletis  fletclterella  sp.  nov. 
Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  24. 

Antennae  whitish,  banded  above  with  brown.  Face  white;  palpi  white  inter- 
nally, dark  externally.  Tuft  ocherous,  whitish  in  the  middle. 

Thorax  and  forewings  reddish  ocherous.  Four  white  costal  and  three  white 
dorsal  streaks,  all  margined  with  dark  brown  externally.  First  costal  and  dor- 
sal streaks  oblique,  the  costal  at  the  basal  third,  the  dorsal  a  little  nearer  the 
base,  and  extending  slightly  beyond  the  fold  ;  its  pointed  apex  is  directed  toward 
that  of  the  first  costal  streak.  Second  pair  of  streaks  at  the  middle  almost 
parallel  to  the  first  pair,  meeting  to  form  a  more  or  less  interrupted  angulated 
fascia,  of  which  the  dark  margin  is  continuous.  Third  pair  of  streaks  at  the  apical 
third,  perpendicular  and  almost  meeting  in  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Fourth 
costal  streak  curved,  almost  inclosing  the  more  or  less  dusted  apex.  In  the  male, 
on  the  middle  of  the  wing,  half  way  between  the  third  pair  of  streaks  and  the 
fourth  costal  streak,  is  a  white  spot,  with  a  few  dark  scales  behind  it.  Cilia 
ocherous.  Expanse  8.5-9  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  grayish  ocherous.  Abdomen  ocherous  gray,  tuft  ocher- 
ous. Legs  ocherous,  hind  tarsi  pure  white. 

Described  from  specimens  sent  to  me  by  Dr.  Fletcher  from  the 
Central  Experimental  Farm,  Ottawa,  Canada,  where  they  were  bred 
from  white  oak  by  Mr.  Arthur  Gibson. 

Lithocolletis  arcuella  Braun. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  1. 
Lithocolletis  arcuella  Braun,  Ent.  News,  xix,  107,  1908. 

Antennae  whitish,  annulate  with  brown  above,  tips  blackish.  Palpi  silvery 
white.  Face  silvery  white,  slightly  tinged  with  golden.  Tuft  yellow,  mixed 
with  orange  at  the  sides. 

Thorax  and  forewing  shining  reddish  orange,  with  glistening  white  markings. 
There  are  three  costal  and  three  dorsal  white  spots,  the  second  pair  uniting  to 
form  a  fascia;  all  black  margined  externally.  The  first  costal  spot  at  the  basal 
third  is  short  and  broad,  its  dark  margin  passing  around  its  apex  almost  encloses 
it.  The  first  dorsal,  almost  square,  begins  nearer  the  base  than  the  first  costal, 
and  extends  half  way  across  the  wing.  A  broad  white  angulated  fascia  at  about 
the  middle,  black  margined  externally,  and  on  the  costa  internally.  Third  cos- 
tal streak  strongly  arcuate  and  opposite  the  more  triangular  dorsal  streak  ;  the 
external  dusting  densest  immediately  behind  their  apices.  Apical  portion 
densely  dusted  with  blackish  brown  scales,  and  bordered  internally  by  an  indis- 
tinct outwardly  concave  streak  of  silvery  scales.  Marginal  line  in  cilia  brown- 
ish. Cilia  golden,  becoming  grayish  toward  the  tornus.  Alar  expanse  10  mm. 

Hindwings  bronzy  gray,  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  bronzy  gray  above,  silvery 
beneath.  Anal  tuft  reddish.  Legs,  except  the  first  pair,  ocherous;  tarsi  whitish 
and  unspotted.  First  pair  striped  with  dark  gray,  tarsi  banded  with  gray. 

One  specimen  taken  at  Mountain  Lake,  Giles  County,  Virginia, 
June  20,  1907.  A  very  large  and  distinctly  marked  species,  be- 
longing to  the  same  group  as  L.  bethunella  Cham. 


ANNETTE    F.     BRAUN.  339 

Lithocolletis  betulivora  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXiV,  Fig.  2. 

Lithocolletis  betulivora  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  iii,  326,  1891.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 
S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6328. 

"Antennae  grayish  above,  white  beneath.  Palpi  white.  Head  and  face  white, 
crown  tufted  with  reddish  saffron.  Thorax  reddish  saffron. 

"  Forewings  shining  reddish  saffron,  no  basal  streak,  a  small  costal  spot  at  one- 
fourth  the  wing  length  and  a  small  dorsal  spot  nearer  to  the  base  dull  white,  a 
slender  fascia  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  angulated  outwardly  near  the  costal 
margin,  has  one  or  two  black  scales  on  its  outer  edge ;  beyond  this  a  small  costal 
streak  and  an  opposite  dorsal  streak,  both  dull  white,  with  a  few  blackish  scales 
on  their  outer  edges.  A  group  of  black  scales  at  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  preceded 
on  the  costal  and  dorsal  margins  by  dull  white,  not  sufficiently  conspicuous  to 
be  called  costal  and  dorsal  streaks;  cilia  grayish,  their  bases  tinged  with  saffron, 
a  slender  blackish  line  along  their  middle,  passing  round  the  apex. 

"Hindwings  dark  gray;  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  gray,  tinged  with  saffron  pos- 
teriorly. Hind  legs  whitish,  with  a  very  faint  indication  of  darker  scaling  on 
the  penultimate  tarsal  joint.  Expanse  7  mm." 

Lord  Walsingham  has  thus  described  the  species  from  a  female 
specimen  bred  from  birch  by  Dr.  Riley. 

The  mine  is  a  small,  sometimes  almost  circular,  blotch  upon  the 
upper  side  of  the  leaf. 

There  is  a  specimen  of  this  species  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  bred 
from  birch,  but  no  locality  is  given. 

Lithocollelis  eppelsheimii  Frey  and  Boll. 

Lithocolletis  eppelsheimii  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit,  xxxix,  272,  1878. — Dyar, 
Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6325. 

Face  and  palpi  snow-white;  tuft  saffron  yellow.  The  antennae  whitish  gray, 
annulate  with  brown,  attain  an  unusual  length.  They  fully  equal  the  length  of 
the  forewings.  Thorax  saffron  ;  legs  whitish,  with  unspotted  tarsi.  Abdomen 
dark  gray,  light  underneath. 

The  moderately  shining  forewings  have  a  true  saffron  color.  They  show  the 
following  shining  silvery  white  markings;  on  the  costa  at  one-third  of  the  wing 
length  there  is  a  rather  small,  obliquely  placed  costal  streak,  imperfectly  mar- 
gined toward  the  base  with  a  few  black  scales.  The  corresponding  dorsal  streak 
is  short,  blunt,  not  well  developed,  placed  at  the  basal  fourth  of  the  wing  length, 
and  is  externally  more  strongly  margined  with  blackish  scales.  Then  follows, 
about  in'^the  middle  of  the  wing,  an  angulated,  interrupted  fascia,  inwardly 
blackish  margined,  and  with  a  shorter  costal  and  a  longer  dorsal  arm.  At  three- 
quarters  of  the  wing  length  is  a  pair  of  streaks,  the  dorsal  placed  at  the  hind 
angle.  The  trace  of  a  last  costal  streak  appears  just  before  the  apex.  The  black 
dusting  extends  in  considerable  breadth  from  the  above-mentioned  pair  of 
streaks  to  the  hind  margin,  either  in  the  shape  of  a  broad  spot,  or  to  the  unaided 
eye  as  a  dot  suddenly  ending.  Base  of  the  cilia  saffron,  tips  whitish  gray.  At 
the  hind  angle  they  become  entirely  of  a  uniform  light  gray. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray.    The  underside  of  the  forewings  dark  ocherous  gray. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC..  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


340  AMERICAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

The  description  given  above  is  a  translation  of  that  by  Frey  and 
Boll,  and  appears  to  be  somewhat  inconsistent  in  several  details. 
While  it  seems  to  belong  to  the  flat  group  of  larvae,  the  internal 
dark  margin  of  the  fascia,  if  the  description  is  correct,  is  an 
anomaly  in  the  group.  I  have  seen  no  specimen  of  the  species, 
and  it  is  impossible  to  determine  its  position  with  certainty.  It 
was  described  from  specimens  bred  from  upperside  mines  on  a 
species  of  Carya  in  Texas,  and  is  one  of  the  smaller  species. 

Liitliocolletis  betltunella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  3. 
Lithocolletis  bethunella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent,  iii,  109,  1871. — Gin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii, 

103,  1875.— Can.  Ent.,  xi,  89,  1879.— bethuniella  Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mas.,  1902,  No.  6326. 
Syn.  lebertella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit,  xxxix,  266,  1878.— Dyar,  Bull.  52, 

U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  6327. 

"Face  and  palpi  silvery  white;  antennae  silvery  white  beneath,  brownish 
banded  with  white  above;  tuft  golden,. interspersed  with  white;  thorax  and 
anterior  wings  reddish  orange,  with  three  costal  and  three  dorsal  silvery  streaks, 
all  dark  margined  externally.  First  costal  and  first  dorsal  small,  the  dorsal 
being  the  largest  and  nearer  to  the  base,  whilst  the  costal  is  a  little  oblique  and 
at  about  the  basal  one-third  of  the  wing.  The  second  dorsal  and  second  costal 
about  the  middle,  opposite  each  other,  and  a  little  oblique,  the  dorsal  being  the 
longest,  and  almost  meeting  the  costal  near  the  costa,  whilst  their  dark  margins 
do  meet  and  are  posteriorly  angulated  and  produced  to  the  space  between  the 
third  dorsal  and  third  costal.  The  third  dorsal  and  third  costal  are  a  little 
behind  the  apical  one-third,  opposite,  straight,  and  the  dorsal  is  the  longest. 
Apex  dusted  with  blackish  on  a  white  ground.  Cilia  fulvous,  with  a  dark  brown 
hinder  marginal  line  at  their  base.  Al.  ex.  a  little  over  one-fourth  inch." 

The  above  is  Chambers'  original  description.  As  noted  by  Cham- 
bers, the  opposite  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  (except  the  first  pair) 
are  sometimes  confluent,  forming  fasciae.  There  is  also,  just  before 
the  apical  black  dusting,  a  small  white  spot,  which  does  not  extend 
through  the  cilia.  Alar  expanse  6.5-7.5  mm. 

The  larvae,  of  the  flat  type,  form  oval  blotch  mines  on  the  upper 
side  of  several  species  of  oak,  and  spin  flat,  oval,  silken  cocoons. 
The  species  occurs  in  the  eastern  half  of  the  United  States,  west  and 
south  to  Texas. 

The  description  of  lebertella  Frey  and  Boll  in  no  way  differs  from 
that  of  bethunella,  and  their  life  history  is  identical.  The  synonomy, 
as  above  given,  will  doubtless  stand,  although  there  has  been  no 
opportunity  of  comparing  specimens  of  bethunella  with  the  type  of 
lebertella  in  England. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  341 

Littiocolletis  fasciella  Walsingbam. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  4. 
LithocoUeMs  fasciella  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  iii,  326,  1891.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6317. 
Syn.  unifascie.Ua  Chambers  (not  Tengstrom),  Gin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  103,  1875. 

Antennae  gray,  banded  with  dark  brown  above.  Face  and  palpi  whitish,  with 
a  faint  ocherous  tinge.  Tuft  reddish  orange,  paler  in  the  center. 

Thorax  and  forewings  reddish  orange.  Near  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  an 
obtusely  angulated  silvery  fascia,  margined  on  the  costa  before  with  a  brown 
spot,  and  strongly  dark  margined  behind.  This  dark  margin  is  produced  back- 
ward along  the  costa,  and  as  a  broad  band  along  the  middle  of  the  wing.  These 
two  streaks  of  dusting  are  connected  at  the  beginning  of  the  cilia,  and  are  also 
sometimes  confluent  with  the  apical  dusting,  which  is  dark  brown  on  a  paler 
ground,  and  extends  to  the  tornus.  No  costal  nor  dorsal  streaks.  A  dark  brown 
line  runs  through  the  middle  of  the  cilia,  which  are  brownish  ocherous,  becom- 
ing gray  at  the  tornus.  Expanse  6-7  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray,  with  a  slightly  reddish  tinge.  Abdomen  gray. 
Hind  tarsi  tipped  with  black. 

The  oval  blotch  mines  are  found  upon  the  upperside  of  various 
species  of  oak.  Ohio  and  Kentucky. 

Lithocolletis  castaneseella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  5. 
Lithocolletis  castaneseella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  104,  1875. — Dyar,  Bull. 

52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6318. 
Syn.  castanella  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  iii,  329,  1891. 

Antennae  gray,  banded  above  with  dark  brown.  Face  and  palpi  tinged  with 
ocherous.  Tuft  reddish  orange,  paler  in  the  middle. 

-  Thorax  and  forewings  reddish  orange.  At  the  basal  third  is  a  small  white 
spot,  margined  behind  with  black  scales.  At  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  an 
obtusely  angulated,  nearly  straight  fascia,  dark  margined  behind  and  sometimes 
on  the  costa  before.  At  the  angle  of  the  fascia  the  dusting  is  produced  back- 
ward along  the  middle  of  the  wing,  uniting  with  that  which  forms  the  external 
margin  of  a  white  costal  streak  at  the  beginning  of  the  cilia.  Opposite  this 
streak  the  position  of  a  dorsal  streak  is  faintly  indicated.  A  small,  white  spot 
just  before  the  dusted  apex.  Sometimes  the  dusting  behind  the  fascia  and  at  the 
apex  is  almost  entirely  lacking.  A  dark  line  through  the  middle  of  the  cilia, 
which  are  brownish  ocherous,  shading  to  gray  at  the  tornus.  Expanse  6-7.5  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  gray,  the  latter  with  a  reddish  tinge.  Abdomen  dark 
gray.  Hind  tarsi  tipped  with  black. 

Ohio  and  Kentucky. 

The  mine  occurs  upon  the  upperside  of  leaves  of  chestnut  and 
various  species  of  oak,  and  is  a  somewhat  oval  blotch.  In  this 
species  the  larva  hibernates  on  a  slight  bed  of  silk  beneath  the 
folded  epidermis. 

TKANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


342  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Litliocolletis  ^iillifiiiitella  Clemens. 
Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  6. 

Lithocolletis  guttifinitetta  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  324,  1859.— Tin.  No. 

Am.,  65,  76,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent,,  iii,  110,  1871.— Gin.  Quart. 

Jn.  Sci.,  i,  201,  1874.— Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  102,  1878.— Jn.  Cin. 

Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  82,  1879.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  189, 

1903.— Dyar,  Boll.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6306. 
Syn.  toxicodendri  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  273,  1878.— Dyar,  Bull. 

52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6304. 

"Front  silvery,  with  a  reddish  hue.  Tuft  and  thorax  reddish  orange.  An- 
tennae blackish  brown.  Forewings  rather  deep  reddish  orange,  with  two  silvery 
bands  black  margined  behind,  one  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  nearly  straight, 
the  other  midway  between  this  and  the  base  of  the  wing  and  obliquely  placed. 
Before  the  costo-apical  cilia  is  a  costal  silvery  spot,  black  margined  on  both  sides, 
with  an  opposite  dorsal  spot,  black  margined  behind.  The  apical  portion  of  the 
wing  is  dusted  with  blackish,  dispersed  scales,  with  a  white  spot  near  the  tip 
above  the  middle  of  the  wing.  There  are  two  hinder  marginal  lines,  one  the 
margin  of  the  dispersed  scales,  the  other  dark  brownish  in  the  cilia. 

"The  larva  may  be  taken  in  August  and  September  in  the  leaf  of  Ehus  toxico- 
dendron  (poison  oak),  mining  the  upper  surface  in  a  rather  broad,  tortuous  tract, 
and  there  are  ordinarily  several  in  the  same  leaf.  The  larva  belongs  to  the  sec- 
ond larval  group.  The  head  is  a  fine  pale  brown  ;  the  body  yellowish  posteriorly, 
becoming  brownish  above,  with  dorsal  and  ventral  dark  maculse.  The  cocoon  is 
circular,  formed  within  the  mine  as  usual  in  this  group  in  a  little  circular  de- 
pression." 

The  above  is  Clemens'  description  of  imago  and  larva.  Mr. 
August  Busck  (Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  189, 1903)  has  established 
the  synonomy  of  this  species  with  Lithocolletis  toxicodendri  Frey 
and  Boll,  and  added  important  notes  upon  the  variability  of  the 
species.  The  expanse  is  7  mm. 

Lithocolletis  obstrictella  Clemens. 
Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  7. 

Lithocolletis  obstrictella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  322, 1859.— Tin.  No. 

Am.,  64,  73,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  183,  1871.— Bull.  Geol. 
•Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  102,  1878.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No. 

6307. 
Syn.  bifasciella  Chambers,  Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.,  iv,  101,  119,  153,  1878.— Dyar, 

Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6Z29.—ceriferse  Walsingham,  Proc. 

U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxxiii,  222,  1907. 

Face  and  palpi  whitish,  face  tinged  with  reddish  orange,  deeper  towards  the 
vertex.  Antennae  silvery  gray  beneath,  dark  gray  above,  with  a  lighter  joint 
near  the  apex. 

Thorax  and  forewings  shining  reddish  brown.  Forewings  with  silvery  mark- 
ings dark  margined  externally.  At  the  basal  fourth  is  a  silvery  fascia,  nearer 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  343 

the  base  on  the  dorsal  margin,  and  very  indistinctly  angulated  near  the  costa. 
At  the  middle  of  the  wing  length  is  a  straight  perpendicular  fascia.  At  two- 
thirds  are  a  pair  of  opposite  silvery  streaks,  often  uniting  in  the  middle  of  the 
wing  to  form  a  third  fascia.  Apex  overlaid  with  velvety  blackish  brown  scales, 
with  a  few  silvery  scales  before.  Cilia  reddish  brown,  shading  to  gray  at  the 
tornus,  and  with  a  dark  brown  line  through  the  middle.  Expanse  7-8  mm. 

Hindwingsand  cilia  blackish  brown.  Abdomen  blackish  brown  in  the  female, 
gray  in  the  male.  Legs  pale  brownish  gray,  tarsi  whitish,  shaded  with  gray 
toward  their  bases. 

New  York  (Beutenmiiller  collection),  Pennsylvania,  Ohio  and 
Kentucky. 

The  external  margining  is  in  the  males  more  distinct  and  of  a 
clearer  black  than  in  the  females,  where  it  is  often  dark  brown, 
scarcely  darker  than  the  ground  color. 

The  upperside  mines  occur  on  several  species  of  oak :  Quercus 
rubra  L.,  Quercus  alba  L.,  Quercus  acuminata  (Michx.)  Sarg.  The 
mine  is  a  rather  broad  Y-shaped  tract,  sometimes  crossing  the  mid- 
rib. The  flat,  oval,  silken-  cocoon  is  spun  in  the  leg  of  the  Y. 
Specimens  bred  from  such  mines  are  in  every  respect  identical  with 
Clemens'  type  of  obstrictella.  Dr.  Clemens  was  certainly  in  error 
when  he  described  the  mine  of  obstrictella  as  a  mine  on  the  under- 
side of  oak  leaves.  The  imago  of  this  species  is  typically  that  of 
the  flat  larval  group. 

Obstrictella  may  be  distinguished  from  all  other  allied  eastern 
species  by  the  character  of  the  black  scales  which  form  the  apical 
dusting.  These  scales  are  more  freely  tipped  with  black  than  is 
usual  in  the  case  of  the  scales  forming  the  apical  dusting  of  the  flat 
group,  and  hence  the  effect  is  a  large  black  spot  rather  than  a  num- 
ber of  small  dots.  The  silvery  scales  before  the  apex  are  also  char- 
acteristic of  the  species. 

Chambers'  type  of  bifasciella  is  identical  with  Clemens'  type  of 
obstrictella;  on  one  wing  the  third  fascia  is  nearly  complete. 

The  specimen  from  which  Lord  Walsingham  described  ceriferce 
is  identical  with  the  series  of  specimens  of  obstrictella  from  the 
Beutenmiiller  collection  in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  All  of  this  series 
bear  the  breeding  record  number  114  (blotch  mine  on  the  upperside 
of  red  and  white  oaks).  The  type  of  ceriferce  is  the  only  specimen 
bearing  on  the  pin  the  food  plant  label,  "  Myrica  cerifera."  This  is 
certainly  an  error. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,    1908. 


344  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA. 

Littiocolletis  corylisella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  8. 
Lithocolletis  corylisella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  111,  127,  1871.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 

S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6308. 

Syn.  coryliella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  xi,  90,  1879.— Mfasciella  Walsingham,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxxiii,  223,  1907. 

Face,  palpi  and  antennae  white;  antennae  annulate  with  brown  above.  Tuft 
ocherous. 

Thorax  and  forewings  reddish  ocherous.  A  short  white  streak  from  the  inner 
angle  to  the  fold  dark  margined  externally.  Two  white  fasciae  dark  margined 
externally ;  the  first  at  about  the  basal  fourth,  oblique,  nearer  the  base  on  the 
dorsum,  and  slightly  convex  above  the  fold.  Second  fascia  at  about  the  middle, 
nearly  erect.  At  the  apical  fourth  is  a  white  costal  streak,  and  opposite  it  a 
nearly  erect  dorsal  streak  above  the  cilia;  both  are  dark  margined  externally. 
In  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  an  oblique  white  streak,  not  extending 
through  the  costal  cilia,  dusted  with  fuscous  scales  behind  and  around  its  apex. 
This  dusting  is  sometimes  almost  lacking.  Hinder  marginal  line  in  the  cilia 
brownish,  indistinct.  Cilia  ocherous,  grayish  toward  the  tornus.  Expanse  6.5- 
7  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  grayish,  tinged  with  ocherous.  Abdomen  gray.  Legs 
whitish  ocherous. 

The  blotch  mines  on  the  upperside  of  hazel,  Corylus  Americana 
Walt.,  are  very  similar  to  those  of  ostryarella  Chamb.  However,  the 
silken  chamber  in  which  the  larva  hibernates  is  of  the  usual  type, 
the  epidermis  not  being  raised  in  a  circular  ridge  as  in  ostryarella. 

The  male  specimen  which  Lord  Walsingham  described  as  bifas- 
eiella  Cham,  is  one  of  the  series  from  the  Beutenmuller  collection, 
bearing  the  record  number  118,  and  bred  on  Corylus,  and  identical 
with  specimens  of  corylisella  Cham. 

Lithocolletis  sesciilisella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  9. 
Lithocolletis  sesculisella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  111,  1871. — Walsingham-,   Ins. 

Life,  ii,  53,  1889.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  190,  1903. 
Syn.  sesculella  Eiley,  Smith's  List  Lep.  Bor.  Am.,  109,  1891. 

Antennae  whitish,  banded  above  with  dark  brown.  Face  and  palpi  white. 
Tuft  ocherous,  whitish  behind.  Thorax  and  forewings  reddish  ocherous.  A 
whitish  streak  on  each  side  of  the  thorax  is  continuous  with  a  slightly  paler 
shade  on  the  forewings,  from  the  inner  angle  to  the  fold.  Two  white  posteriorly 
dark  margined  fasciae.  The  second,  at  about  the  middle  of  the  wing,  indistinctly 
obtusely  angled  near  the  costa,  with  its  dorsal  arm  nearer  the  base.  The  first 
fascia,  half  way  between  this  and  the  base  of  the  wing,  is  broken  near  the  costa. 
Its  dorsal  arm  is  more  oblique  and  diverges  from  the  second  fascia.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  cilia  is  a  small  costal  spot,  and  opposite  it  a  longer  almost  per- 
pendicular dorsal  streak,  both  black  margined  behind.  Apical  black  dusting 
more  or  less  dense,  and  edged  internally  by  an  oblique  white  streak,  sometimes 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  345 

almost  uniting  with  the  dorsal  streak.     Cilia  ocherous,  with  a  slightly  darker 
line  through  their  middle.     Expanse  8-9  mm. 

Hindwiugs  and  cilia  gray,  with  an  ocherous  tinge.  Abdomen  gray,  tuft  ocher- 
ous. Legs  whitish  ocherous.  Hind  tarsi  white,  with  one  or  two  joints  faintly 
tipped  with  black. 

Central  United  States.  The  mine  occurs  on  the  upperside  of 
buckeye,  JEsculus  glabra  Willd.  and  ^Esculus  flava  Ait.  It  is  a 
broad  linear  tract  sometimes  containing  as  many  as  five  or  six 
larvae.  The  winter  is  passed  in  the  larval  state,  the  period  of  hiber- 
nation lasting  from  August  until  April  of  the  following  year. 

^Esculisella  may  be  distinguished  from  all  allied  species  by  the 
form  of  the  first  fascia,  which  is  broken  near  the  costa. 

Lithocolletis  ostryarella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  10. 

LithocoUetis  ostryarella   Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  111,  1871.— Tin.  No.  Am.,  72, 
1872.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6335. 

Face,  palpi  and  antennse  white;  antennae  annulate  above  with  brown. 

Thorax  and  forewings  reddish  ocherous.  A  white  streak  from  the  inner  angle 
to  the  fold,  faintly  black  margined  externally.  Two  white  fasciae,  the  first  begin- 
ning on  the  dorsum  at  about  the  basal  fourth,  concave  outwardly  on  the  fold, 
thence  extending  obliquely  to  the  costa,  which  it  reaches  at  about  the  basal  third. 
It  is  black  margined  externally.  The  second  fascia,  at  about  the  middle,  is 
slightly  oblique  and  black  margined  externally.  At  the  apical  fourth  a  costal 
white  streak  black  margined  externally.  Opposite  it  above  the  cilia  is  a  very 
oblique,  long  dorsal  streak  also  black  margined  externally.  Just  before  the  apex 
an  oblique  white  streak  on  the  line  of  the  last  dorsal,  and  not  extending  through 
the  cilia,  is  dusted  behind  with  blackish  scales.  The  scales  in  the  apical  third 
of  the  wing  are  tipped  with  brown.  Hinder  marginal  line  in  the  cilia  brownish. 
Cilia  ocherous,  grayish  toward  the  torntis.  Expanse  6-7  mm. 

Hindwings  grayish  ocherous.  Cilia  grayish,  tinged  with  ocherous.  Abdomen 
gray,  tuft  ocherous.  Legs  whitish  ocherous,  hind  tarsi  sometimes  tipped  with  black. 

The  larvae  form  irregular  blotch  mines  on  the  upperside  of  Ostrya 
Virginiana  (Mill.)  Willd.  and  Carpinus  Caroliniana  Walt.  ;  as 
many  as  four  or  five  sometimes  occurring  in  one  mine.  The  hiber- 
nating larva?  pass  the  winter  in  circular  silken-lined  chambers,  the 
outline  appearing  on  the  upper  epidermis  as  a  circular  narrow 
ridge  ;  a  convex  projection  appears  on  the  lower  sid«. 

The  brownish  dusting  of  the  apical  third  of  the  wing  is  the  dis- 
tinguishing characteristic  of  ostryarella.  Corylisella  may  also  be 
distinguished  from  ostryarella  by  the  dorsal  streak  above  the  cilia 
being  nearly  erect,  while  in  ostryarella  it  is  oblique  and  nearly 
parallel  to  the  edge.  The  fascise,  especially  the  first,  are  also  less 
oblique  in  corylisella. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  (44)  OCTOBER,  1908. 


346  AMERICAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

Lithocolletis  aceriella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  11. 

Lithocolletis  aceriella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  325,  1859.— Tin.  No. 
Am.,  65,  75,  1872.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  189,  1903.— Dyar, 
Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6305. 

"Front  silvery,  tuft  reddish  orange  and  silvery  mixed.  Thorax  reddish 
orange.  Forewings  reddish  orange,  somewhat  metallic,  with  a  white  streak, 
black  margined  exteriorly,  from  the  inner  basal  angle  to  the  fold  ;  with  two 
oblique  silvery  bands,  black  margined  behind,  one  about  the  middle  of  the  wing 
and  the  other  midway  between  it  and  the  base  of  the  wing.  Near  the  tip  is  a 
costal  silvery  spot,  black  margined  behind,  with  an  opposite,  oblique  dorsal  streak 
of  the  same  hue,  likewise  black  margined  behind,  and  an  oblique  costal  silvery 
streak  continued  on  the  line  of  the  last  dorsal,  running  into  the  cilia  just  before 
the  tip,  black  margined  above,  at  the  tip  before,  and  below  at  the  tip  behind  ; 
scarcely  with  a  hinder  marginal  line,  cilia  of  the  general  hue.  Hind  wings  plum- 
beous, cilia  with  a  fulvous  hue. 

"  The  larva  mines  the  leaf  of  maple  in  September.  It  mines  the  upper  surface 
of  the  leaf,  making  a  flat,  rather  broad  tract,  casting  its  frass  along  the  middle  of 
the  course  of  it.'  Physical  characteristics  those  of  the  second  larval  group.  Head 
pale  brown ;  body  yellowish  green,  with  oval,  dorsal,  brown  maculse,  darkest 
on  their  margins;  thoracic  rings  on  their  sides  pale  yellowish.  The  cocoon  is 
circular." 

The  above  is  Clemens'  description  and  represents  the  typical 
eastern  form  of  the  species.  Specimens  occur  in  which  the  white 
streak  at  the  base  of  the  dorsal  margin  is  replaced  by  a  pale  ocher- 
ous  shade,  bordered  externally  by  brown  scales.  The  dorsal  streak 
above  the  cilia  is  also  very  variable,  being  in  some  specimens  almost 
erect,  while  in  others  it  is  oblique  and  parallel  to  the  termen.  The 
usual  expanse  is  about  7  mm.,  but  specimens  collected  at  Ottawa, 
Canada,  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Young  expand  8-9  mm.  Iri  these  specimens 
the  pale  streak  at  the  base  of  the  wings  is  scarcely  lighter  than  the 

ground  color. 

The  mine  is  common  throughout 
the  Atlantic  States  on  leaves  of 
red  maple,  Acer  rubrum  L.,  but  is 
rarely  found  upon  sugar  maple. 
The  larvae  appearing  in  July  pu- 
pate in  a  silken  lined  chamber, 
and  do  not  spin  the  usual  flat 

Mine  of  L.  aceriella.  .,, 

silken  cocoon. 

The  insect  to  which  Chambers  refers  in  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  130,  1871, 
is  not  L.  aceriella  Clem,  but  the  species  described  under  the  name 
saccharella  by  the  writer. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  .    347 

Lithocolletis  hamameliella  Busck. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  12. 

Lithocolletis  hamameliella  Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  189,  1903. 
Syn.  hamamelis  Smith's  List  Lep.  Bor.  Am.,  1903,  No.  6844. 

Face  and  palpi  whitish.  Antennae  whitish  ocherous,  annulate  with  dark  brown. 
Tuft  reddish  orange. 

Thorax  and  forewings  deep  reddish  orange.  An  oblique  white  streak  from  the 
inner  angle  to  the  fold  is  black  margined  externally.  There  are  two  straight, 
oblique,  parallel,  silvery  bands  black  margined  externally,  the  first  at  the  basal 
fourth,  and  the  second  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  length.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  costal  cilia  is  a  silvery  spot,  black  margined  externally.  Opposite  it  is  a  long, 
very  oblique  dorsal  streak,  parallel  to  the  termen,  also  black  margined  behind, 
and  uniting  in  the  apex  of  the  wing  with  a  short  apical  streak,  dark  margined 
at  its  apex  and  above  and  below.  Marginal  line  in  the  cilia  of  the  wing  color. 
Cilia  reddish,  becoming  gray  at  the  tornus.  Expanse  7  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  reddish  gray.  Abdomen  dark  gray  above,  ocherous  gray 
beneath.  Legs  pale  brownish  red,  tarsal  joints  white,  tipped  with  black. 

This  species  is  distributed  throughout  the  Atlantic  States  wherever 
the  food  plant,  Hamamelis  Virginiana  L.  (witch  hazel),  occurs.  The 
mine  is  a  whitish  blotch,  sometimes  almost  circular;  the  pupa  of  the 
summer  brood  is  formed  beneath  a  flat  silken  cocoon. 

Although  it  is  very  closely  related  to  aceriella,  it  may  be  separa- 
ted from  that  species  by  the  deeper  and  more  reddish  color  of  the 
tuft  and  wings,  and  by  the  more  distinct  marginal  line  in  the  cilia. 
The  hind  tarsi  of  hamameliella  are  also  very  distinctly  tipped  with 
black,  whereas,  in  aceriella,  they  are  either  faintly  blackish  tipped 
or  entirely  pure  white.  The  oblique  dorsal  streak,  which  has  been 
used  to  separate  hamameliella  from  aceriella,  cannot  be  relied  upon, 
as  this  streak  is  often  as  oblique  in  aceriella  as  in  hamameliella. 

LUhocolleiiM  tubiferella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  13. 

Lithocottetis  tubiferella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  208,  I860.— Tin.  No. 
Am.,  140,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  165,  183,  1871.— Walsing- 
ham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  24,  77,  1889;  iii,  329,  1891.— Busck,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 
Wash.,  v,  204,  1903.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6330. 
"Head  silvery  white.     Antennae  fuscous,  slightly  annulated  with  white;  basal 
joint  pale  saffron.     Forewings  pale  saffron,  with  two  silvery  white  moderately 
broad  bands,  black  margined  externally,  one  near  the  base,  and  the  other  on  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  and  both  somewhat  oblique;  cilia  of  the  general  hue.     Hind 
wings  dark  grayish,  cilia  the  same. 

"The  larva  belongs  to  the  second  larval  group  of  this  genus,  but  the  body  is 
much  more  contracted  than  that  of  any  other  larva  I  have  seen.  Its  form  is 
almost  that  of  a  flattened  ovoid,  the  rings  separated  by  the  deep  incisions,  and 
each  forming  in  the  sides  a  projecting  mammilla. 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBEB,    1908. 


348  AMERICAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

"The  larva  mines  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves  of  oaks  in  September,  and 
doubtless  also  in  tbe  summer  months.  The  mine  is  a  linear  tract,  sometimes 
curved  or  wavy,  gradually  increasing  in  breadth  from  the  beginning  to  the  end, 
or,  as  the  larva  increases  in  length,  with  the  frass  deposited  on  each  side  of  the 
tract,  and  marking  its  outline  by  two  black  lines.  The  position  of  the  larva 
within  the  mine  is  likewise  a  peculiar  one,  as  it  is  always  placed  transversely  to 
its  course,  and  hence  the  deposition  of  the  frass  on  the  sides,  and  the  gradual 
increase  in  breadth,  as  the  larva  grows  in  length.  Its  head  is  blackish-brown  ; 
the  body  pale  greenish,  with  pale  brown  dorsal  maculae,  darker  on  their  edges. 
It  undergoes  transformation  in  the  end  of  the  mine,  preparing  a  circular  cell  or 
slightly  silk-lined  cavity,  and  leaves  the  last  larval  cast  outside  of  it.  The  fall 
brood  of  larvse  become  imagoes  about  the  middle  of  May." 

The  above  is  Clemens'  complete  description  of  the  species. 

The  very  characteristic  mine  can- 
not be  mistaken  for  that  of  any  other 
species.  The  mine  is  often  branched, 
the  larva  returning  toward  the  begin- 
ning of  the  mine,  and  starting  out 
anew  in  another  direction. 

In  the  apex  of  the  wing,  there  is 
sometimes  a  minute  white  spot,  with  a 

Mine  of  L.  tubiferella.  „        111  i        i     i  •      i    •-        mi     •      i 

few  black  scales  behind  it.     I  he  alar 
expanse  is  8  mm. 

PORPHYROSELA,*  new  subgenus. 

Porphyrosela  differs  from  the  typical  Lithocolletis  in  the  follow- 
ing characteristics :  forewings  somewhat  more  acuminate,  vein  11  of 
the  forewings  absent  (Plate  XX,  Fig.  8)  ;  basal  joint  of  the  antennae 
without  a  pecten ;  hind  tibise  without  hairs. 

The  subgenus  is  represented  only  by  the  following  species  : 

Porphyrosela  desmodiella  Clemens. 

Plate  XXIV,  Figs.  14,  15. 

Lithocolletis  desmodiella  Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  220,  1859.— Tin.  No. 
Am.,  65,  68,  1872.— Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  127,  162,  1871.— Jn.  Cin. 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  189,  1879.— Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxvii, 
227,  1876.— Walsingham,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  x,  202,  1882.— Busck, 
Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  v,  187,  1903.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
1902,  No.  6303. 
Syn.  gregariella  Murtfeldt,  Can.  Ent.,  xiii,  245, 1881 ;  xv,  139, 1883.— Walsingham, 

Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  146,  1897. 

"Antennae  dark  brown,  tipped  with  a  silvery  hue.  Front  whitish,  with  a  ruby 
colored  lustre;  frontal  tuft  dark  brown.  Thorax  with  a  splendent  ruby  hue. 

*  From  ir6p<t>vpo<s,  purple;  and  creAas,  signifying  sheen. 


ANNETTE    F.     BRAUN.  349 

Forewing  ferruginous  brown,  ruby-tinted  at  the  base,  with  two  silvery  bands 
dark  margined  on  both  sides,  one  near  the  base,  and  one  in  the  middle  of  the 
wing.  A  costal  and  dorsal  silvery  spot  near  the  tip,  opposite  to  each  other,  and 
a  costal  silvery  spot  just  before  the  tip,  the  two  former  dark  margined  on  both 
sides,  and  the  latter  slightly  dark  margined.  No  hinder  marginal  line;  the  cilia 
opposite  the  last  dorsal  spot  blackish,  and  the  wing  beneath  the  last  costal  spot 
golden  brown.  Hind  wings  pale  brownish  gray,  cilia  the  same."  [Expanse 
4.5-5  mm.] 

Originally  described  by  Clemens  as  above  from  specimens  from 
tentiform  mines  on  the  underside  of  Desmodium  viridiflorum  L.  It 
has  since  been  bred  from  mines  on  several  allied  plants,  among 
them  Lespedeza  capitata  Michx.  and  Phaseolus  pauciflorus  Benth. 

Frey  and  Boll  (Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxvii,  227,  1876)  made  note  of 
the  peculiar  enlarged  appearance  of  the  apical  third  of  the  forewings. 

The  specimens  described  as  gregariella  were  bred  from  large  infla- 
ted mines  on  the  underside  of  Phaseolus  pauciflorus  Benth.,  a  num- 
ber of  imagoes  emerging  from  one  mine.  In  all  other  respects,  ex- 
cept the  gregarious  larval  habits,  these  are  identical  with  desmodiella. 

However,  in  a  series  bred  by  Mr.  August  Busck  from  similar 
mines  on  Desmodium  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  all  of  the  specimens 
were  noticeably  smaller,  the  largest  expanding  but  3  mm.,  and 
almost  all  lacked  any  indication  of  the  white  costal  streak  before 
the  cilia  (Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  15). 

On  various  species  of  Lespedeza,  where  both  the  gregarious  and 
solitary  larval  habit  is  exhibited  on  the  same  plant,  I  have  bred 
both  varieties  from  the  same  mine. 

CREMASTOBOMBYCIA,*  new  subgenus. 

Cremastobombycia  differs  from  Lithocolletis  proper  in  the  follow- 
ing characteristics :  terminal  joint  of  the  labial  palpi  a  little  longer ; 
vein  5  of  the  forewings  present,  5  and  6  stalked,  vein  6  of  the  hind 
wings  present,  5  and  6  long  stalked  (Plate  XX,  Figs.  6,  7),  some- 
times borne  on  an  independent  stalk  to  near  the  base,  where  this 
stalk  is  short  stalked  with  the  upper  median  vein.  The  stalk  is 
obsolete  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  the  cell  (Plate  XX,  Fig.  6). 

Larva  cylindrical,  without  prolegs  on  10,  usually  pale  greenish  or 
yellowish  becoming  darker  at  maturity.  All  of  the  species,  as  far 
as  known,  are  miners  in  the  leaves  of  various  species  of  Composite, 
the  mines  being  found  upon  the  lower  side  of  the  leaf,  except  that  of 

*  From  Kpe/xao-Tos,  suspended ;  and  fiopfivKtov ,  cocoon. 

TKANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,    1908. 


350  AMERICAN    MICRO- LEPIDOPTERA. 

grindeliella  Wlsm.,  which  is  also  sometimes  an  upperside  miner.  The 
loosened  epidermis  is  very  much  wrinkled  longitudinally  at  maturity. 

The  species  of  this  subgenus  pupate  in  an  elongate,  dense,  white 
cocoon  (Plate  XX,  Fig.  13),  sometimes  ornamented  with  longitudi- 
nal ridges.  This  cocoon  is  suspended  inside  the  mine  by  two  slightly 
diverging  silken  threads  at  the  posterior  end,  and  by  either  one  or 
two  threads  at  the  anterior  end. 

The  markings  of  the  forewings  consist  of  a  more  or  less  distinctly 
developed  basal  streak ;  four  white  costal  streaks,  and  two  or  three 
dorsal  streaks.  There  may  be  one  or  two  more  or  less  distinctly 
angulated  fasciae,  formed  by  the  confluence  of  opposite  streaks. 

The  species  herein  included  represent  a  more  ancestral  type,  more 
nearly  related  to  the  Gracilaria  group  of  genera. 

One  species,  solidaginis  Frey  and  Boll,  is  found  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific ;  the  other  species  have  a  more  limited  range. 

The  species  may  be  separated  by  the  following  table : 

A.  Basal  streak  distinct,  reaching  almost  to  or  beyond  the  basal  fourth. 

B.  With  an  angulated  fascia  at  one-fourth grindeliella. 

BB.  Without  a  fascia  at  one-fourth. 

C.  Basal  streak  narrow,  pointed,  unmargined solidaginis. 

CC.  Basal  streak  much  dilated  posteriorly ainbrosiella. 

AA.  Basal  streak  minute  or  wanting. 

B.  Markings  with  a  brilliant  silver  lustre;  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  at  three- 
fourths  never  confluent ignota. 

BB.  Markings  not  so  brilliant;  an  angulated  fascia  at  three-fourths. 

verbesinella. 

Cremastobombycia  grindeliella  Walsingham. 

Plate  XXIV,  Figs.  16,  22. 

Lithocolletis  grindeliella  Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  iii,  327,  1891.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 
S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6299. 

"Antenna  dull  gray,  with  slightly  paler  annulations.  Palpi  grayish.  Crown 
tufted  with  mixed  iron  gray  and  reddish  brown  scales ;  face  grayish.  Thorax 
ferruginous. 

"  Forewings  pale  ferruginous,  dusted  with  iron  gray  and  clouded  with  black- 
ish scales  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  to  the  apex  ;  three  whitish  costal  streaks, 
very  indistinct,  at  about  equal  distances  apart,  the  first  and  second  of  which  are 
outwardly  oblique  and  are  met  at  a  somewhat  acute  angle  on  the  middle  of  the 
wing  by  two  even  less  distinct  dorsal  streaks,  faintly  dark  margined  externally  ; 
the  third  is  a  mere  spot,  opposite  which  is  a  small  spot  at  the  base  of  the  cilia  at 
the  anal  angle;  immediately  preceding  the  apex  is  a  conspicuous  curved  white 
costal  spot  divided  from  a  smaller  and  less  conspicuous  one  below  it  by  the 
cloudy  streak  of  black  scales  which  runs  to  the  apex  ;  cilia  with  a  ferruginous 
tinge,  becoming  gray  at  and  within  the  anal  angle,  and  having  a  few  black  scales 
below  the  apex. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  351 

"Hind  wings  and  cilia  gray.  Abdomen  dull  gray;  anal  tuft  pale.  Legs  whit- 
ish, tarsal  joints  unspotted,  tibiae  barred  with  gray  externally.  Expanse  8  mm." 

With  the  exception  of  the  omission  of  any  mention  of  the  basal 
streak,  which  is  confluent  with  the  first  fascia  just  below  the  fold, 
the  above  description  by  Lord  Walsingham  is  that  of  the  typical 
form  of  the  species,  in  which  the  first  fascia  attains  the  dorsal  mar- 
gin. In  another  variety  (Fig.  22,  Plate  XXIV),  the  first  fascia 
ends  abruptly  just  below  its  angle  and  does  not  unite  with  the  basal 
streak.  All  gradations  exist  between  these  two  varieties. 

The  species  was  originally  described  from  a  specimen  from  Ala- 
meda  Co. ;  I  have  bred  a  large  series  from  Mariu  Co.,  California. 

The  mines  occur  upon  either  the  upper  or  lower  surface  of  leaves 
of  Grindelia  robusta.  In  the  upperside  mines  the  leaf  is  more  con- 
tracted and  the  epidermis  is  thrown  into  more  distinct  folds  than  is 
the  case  in  the  lower  side  mines.  The  elongate  white  silken  cocoon 
is  attached  at  its  posterior  end  by  two  fine  threads,  and  at  its  ante- 
rior end  by  a  rather  broad  band  of  silk. 

Cremastobombycia  solidaginis  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  17. 
Lithocolletis  solidaginis  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxvii,  223,  1876.— Dyar, 

Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6298. 
Syn.  solidaginisella  Chambers,  Jn.  Gin.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  190,  1880. 

Antennae  grayish,  distinctly  annulate  with  dark  brown.  Face  and  palpi  yel- 
lowish white.  Tuft  brownish  ocherous,  white  at  the  sides.  Thorax  and  fore- 
wings  reddish  ocherous;  a  white  stripe  on  each  side  of  the  thorax  continuous 
with  a  rather  indistinct  whitish  basal  streak  on  the  forewings  below  the  fold, 
ending  at  one-third.  Four  white  costal  streaks,  of  which  the  first  two  are  oblique, 
and  situated  at  one-third  and  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  length  respectively.  The 
third  is  at  two-thirds,  and  nearly  perpendicular  and  the  fourth  just  before  the 
apex  and  inwardly  oblique.  All  are  dark  margined  externally  with  dark  brown, 
the  margin  of  the  last  forming  the  dusting  of  the  apex.  A  long,  oblique  dorsal 
streak  commences  near  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  margin  ;  its  dark  margin  usually 
unites  with  that  of  the  second  costal ;  sometimes  the  streaks  themselves  unite. 
Opposite  the  third  costal  an  oblique  dorsal  streak  is  indicated  by  a  slightly 
lighter  shade  and  a  few  dark  scales  behind  it.  Hinder  marginal  line  in  the  cilia 
brownish,  rather  indistinct.  Cilia  ocherous.  Alar  expanse  7-9  mm. 

Hindwings  and  cilia  ocherous  gray.  Abdomen  gray  ;  anal  tuft  ocherous.  Legs 
whitish,  banded  with  ocherous;  tarsal  joints  tipped  with  black. 

A  common  species  in  the  United  States,  making  elongate,  much 
wrinkled  mines  upon  the  under  surface  of  leaves  of  goldenrod,  Soli- 
dago.  The  dense  white  cocoon,  marked  with  longitudinal  ridges,  is 
suspended  hammock-like  within  the  mine,  by  a  single  silken  thread 

TEANS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV.  OCTOBER,  1908. 


352  AMERICAN    MICRO-  LEPIDOPTERA. 

at  the  anterior  end  and  by  two  diverging  threads  at  the  posterior 
end.  When  the  imago  emerges  the  pupa  case  is  thrust  through  the 
upper  epidermis. 

Cremastobombycia  ambrosiella  Chambers. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  18. 
Lithocolletis  ambrosiella  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.,  iii,  127,  1871.— Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci., 

ii,  100,  1875.— Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxvii,  221, 1876 ;  xxxix, 

267,  1878.— Walsingham,  Ins.  Life,  ii,  54,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6321. 
Syn.  amcena  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  269,  1878.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U. 

S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6285. 

Antennge  gray,  annulate  with  dark  brown.  Face  and  palpi  whitish,  sometimes 
with  a  deep  blue-gray  metallic  lustre. 

Thorax  and  forewings  reddish  saffron.  A  fine  white  line  on  each  side  of  the 
thorax  is  continuous  with  a  short  basal  streak  broadening  toward  the  end,  where 
it  is  faintly  dark  margined.  At  the  basal  fourth  is  an  oblique  white  costal 
streak,  dark  margined  externally.  Very  rarely  there  is  a  minute  white  spot  on 
the  dorsal  margin,  with  a  few  black  scales  behind  it.  About  the  middle  is  a 
white  fascia,  sometimes  angulated,  margined  with  black  behind  and  with  a 
slightly  darker  shade  before.  At  the  beginning  of  the  cilia  there  is  a  white  cos- 
tal streak  and  a  slightly  oblique  dorsal  one  opposite,  both  dark  margined  behind 
and  faintly  so  before.  Just  before  the  apex  is  a  curved  white  streak,  sometimes 
attaining  the  dorsal  margin,  with  a  few  dark  scales  behind  it  in  the  apex  of  the 
wing.  Cilia  of  the  wing  color,  grayish  toward  thetornus.  Expanse  5.5-6.5  mm. 
Hindwings  gray,  cilia  with  a  fulvous  tinge.  Abdomen  gray,  somewhat  metal- 
lic, tuft  tinged  with  ocherous.  Legs  fuscous,  tarsi  white,  broadly  annulate  with 
black. 

Widely  distributed  in  the  east,  also  occurring  as  far  south  and 
west  as  Texas  (Boll).  The  larvae  mine  the  leaves  of  Ambrosia  trifida 
L.  and  Ambrosia  artemisiaefolia  (L.)  Britton,  and  of  Verbesina  alter- 
nifolia  (L.)  Britton  (Actinomeris  squarrosa  Nutt.).  The  mine  is  very 
small,  placed  upon  the  under  suface,  and  is  not  visisble  on  the  upper- 
side  as  an  inflated  swelling,  as  is  that  of  ignota.  The  dense  white 
fusiform  cocoon,  suspended  hammock-like  in  the  mine,  has  a  smooth 
surface,  lacking  entirely  the  longitudinal  ridges  characteristic  of  that 
of  ignota. 

Easily  distinguished  from  ignota  in  its  early  stages,  the  imagoes 
may  be  distinguished  from  that  species  by  the  broad  white  basal 
streak,  which  in  the  form  described  by  Frey  and  Boll  as  amcena, 
attains  the  dorsal  margin ;  by  the  absence  of  the  brilliant  silvery 
lustre  of  the  white  markings.  Amcena  lacks  the  dark  margins  pres- 
ent on  the  type  of  ambrosiella.  Bred  specimens  show  great  varia- 
tion in  the  distinctness  of  these  margins. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN.  353 

Cremastobombycia  ignota  Frey  and  Boll. 

Plate  XXIV,  Figs.  19,  20. 

Lithocolletis  ignota  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  215,  1873.— Chambers, 

Gin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  206,  1874. ;  ii,  230, 1875.— Walsingbam,  Ins.  Life, 

ii,  54,  119,  1889.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6320. 

Syn.  bostonica  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxiv,  216,  1873.— Chambers,  Cin. 

Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i,  206,  1874;  ii,  230,  1875.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat. 

Mus.,  1902,  No.  6319.— helianthisella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  i, 

205,  1874.— helianthivorella  Chambers,  Cin.  Quart.  Jn.  Sci.,  ii,  100, 1875. 

elephantopodella  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  xxxix,  268,  1878.— 

Busck,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxiii,  247,  1900.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6322.— actinomeridis  Frey  and  Boll,  Stett.  ent. 

Zeit,  xxxix,  268,  1878.— Dyar,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6324. 

Antennae  brownish  gray,  annulate  with  darker.    Face  and  palpi  pale  golden. 

Tuft  reddish  saffron,  intermixed  with  white. 

Thorax  and  forewings  deep  reddish  saffron.  A  fine  white  line  on  each  side  of 
the  thorax  is  continuous  with  a  very  indistinct  snd  short  basal  silvery  streak 
beneath  the  fold,  consisting  of  a  few  scales.  At  the  basal  fourth  of  the  wing  is 
an  oblique  silvery  costal  streak,  black  margined  externally,  and  sometimes  on 
the  costa  before;  rarely  entirely  unmargined.  On  the  dorsal  margin,  slightly 
nearer  the  base,  is  .a  small  dorsal  spot,  sometimes  represented  by  but  two  or  three 
silvery  scales,  rarely  margined  behind  with  one  or  two  dark  scales.  At  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing  is  a  silvery  fascia,  varying  from  nearly  straight  to  acutely  angled. 
In  the  former  case  the  fascia  is  broader,  strongly  margined  externally  and  on 
the  costa  before  with  black.  In  those  specimens  having  a  distinctly  angulated 
fascia,  the  fascia  is  narrower,  sometimes  interrupted  at  the  angle,  its  external 
black  margin  less  distinct,  and  usually  not  dark  margined  internally.  At  the 
apical  third  are  two  opposite  rather  large,  perpendicularly  placed  silvery  streaks, 
black  margined  behind,  and  the  costal  one  sometimes  on  the  costa  before.  Just 
before  the  apex  is  an  outwardly  concave  silvery  costal  streak,  sometimes  attain- 
ing the  dorsal  margin,  and  sometimes  with  a  few  black  scales  before.  Behind  it, 
in  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing,  are  a  few  black  scales.  Cilia  slightly  paler 
than  the  wing  color,  shading  to  gray  toward  the  tornus.  Expanse  6.5-7.5  mm. 

Hind  wings  and  cilia  brownish  gray,  the  latter  with  a  purplish  lustre.  Abdo- 
men above  dark  brown,  with  a  metallic  lustre.  Legs  fuscous,  all  the  tarsi  annu- 
late with  black. 

Widely  distributed,  occurring  from  Massachusetts  to  Texas,  and 
feeding  on  various  species  of  Com positsc.  Among  its  recorded  food 
plants  are  Verbesina  alternifolia  (L.)  Britton  (=Actmomeris  squar- 
rosa  Nutt.),  Elephantopus  Carolinianus  Willd.  and  Verbesina  Vir- 
ginica  L.  These  three  are  the  food  plants  recorded  by  Boll  from 
Texas.  Mr.  August  Busck  bred  the  species  from  Elephantopus 
Carolinianus  Willd.,  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  Mr.  Chambers  on 
Helianthus  giganteus  L.  from  Kentucky. 

The  rather  large  tentiform  mine  occurs  on  the  lower  surface  of 
the  leaf.  The  loosened  epidermis  becomes  much  wrinkled  in  the 

TRANS.  AM.  ENT.  8OC.,  XXXIV,  (45)  DECEMBER,   1908. 


354  AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 

later  stages,  and  the  mine  is  distinctly  visible  on  the  upper  surface 
as  a  tubercular  swelling.  The  larva,  which  is  pale  in  the  earlier 
stages,  becomes  dark  brown  just  before  pupation.  The  dense  white 
elongate  cocoon,  ornamented  with  longitudinal  ridges,  is  suspended 
in  the  mine  at  each  end  by  two  silken  threads. 

The  series  of  specimens  from  which  the  above  description  was 
made  were  bred  from  mines  on  Verbesina  alternifolia  (L.)  Britton 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Frey's  description  of  actmomeridis  is  applica- 
ble to  those  specimens  having  the  straighter  fascia,  and  heavier 
margins  of  the  silvery  marks.  A  specimen  bred  by  Mr.  August 
Busck  on  Elephantopus  Carolinianus  Willd.  is  identical  with  these. 
The  description  of  elephantopodella  agrees  with  those  specimens 
having  the  angulated  fascia,  and  narrower  and  less  distinctly  dark 
margined  silvery  marks.  Frey  has  described  ignota  as  having  un- 
spotted hind  tarsi ;  in  none  of  my  series  is  this  true.  This  variation 
in  the  markings  of  the  tarsi  occurs  frequently,  and  cannot  be  con- 
sidered of  specific  value.  Chambers'  types  of  helianthivorella  all 
have  the  hind  tarsi  distinctly  annulate  with  black,  show  considera- 
ble variation  in  the  angulation  of  the  silvery  fascia,  and  have  the 
minute  basal  streak. 

Cremastobombycia  verbesinella  Busck. 

Plate  XXIV,  Fig.  21. 
LithocolleMs  verbesinella  Busck.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxiii,  246,  1900. — Dyar, 

Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1902,  No.  6323. 

"Antennae  silvery  white*  with  black  annulations,  last  four  or  five  joints  white. 
Labial  palpi  silvery  white.  Face  golden  iridescent  white;  tuft  on  head  reddish 
yellow,  with  a  few  white  scales.  Thorax  and  forewing  deep  golden  yellowish 
brown.  At  basal  third  is  a  silvery  white  costal  streak  directed  outward,  strongly 
margined  externally  with  black.  At  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  a  silvery  white, 
outwardly  angulated  fascia,  and  at  the  beginning  of  costal  cilia  another  similar 
one,  both  strongly  margined  externally  with  black.  Just  before  apex  is  a  third 
small  silvery  white  fascia  with  a  few  scattered  black  scales  externally.  Cilia 
light  golden  yellow.  Hindwings  dark  silvery  gray,  cilia  a  shade  lighter.  Abdo- 
men above  dark  gray;  underside  silvery  and  golden  yellow.  Legs  silvery,  with 
broad  black  annulations.  Alar  expanse  6.4  mm." 

Described  as  above  by  Mr.  August  Busck  from  a  single  specimen 
bred  from  Verbesina  Virginica,  collected  at  Palm  Beach,  Florida, 
by  Dr.  Dyar. 

Mr.  Busck  has  given  the  following  note  upon  the  early  stages  : 
"  The  larva  makes  a  roomy  tent-shaped  mine  on  the  underside  with 
the  lower  epidermis  much  wrinkled  longitudinally,  and  pupates  in 
an  elongate  white  cocoon  suspended  at  both  ends  like  a  hammock 
inside  the  mine.  Larva  belongs  to  the  cylindrical  group." 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN. 


355 


LIST  OF  SPECIES. 


Lithocolletis  Hiibner. 


fitch ella  Clem. 
leucothorax  Wlsm. 
bataviella  sp.  nov. 
trinotella  Braun. 
quercialbella  Fitch. 
clemensella  Cham. 
argentifimbriella  Clem. 
lucid icostella  Clem. 
albanotella  Cham. 
insignis  Wlsm. 
hageni  Frey  and  Boll. 
arbutnsella  sp.  nov. 
obscuricostella  Clem. 
ostrysefoliella  Clem. 
rileyella  Cham. 
kearfottella  Braun. 
caryaealbella  Cham. 
olivseformis  sp.  nov. 
martiella  sp.  nov. 
gemmea  Frey  and  Boll. 
morrisella  Fitch. 
uhlerella  Fitch. 
robiniella  Clem. 
auronitens  Frey  and  Boll. 
diaphanella  Frey  and  Boll. 
minutella  Frey  and  Boll. 
scudderella  Frey  and  Boll. 
led  el  la  Wlsm. 
salicivorella  Braun. 
deceptusella  Cham. 
alnicolella  Wlsm. 
alni  Cham. 

malimalifoliella  Braun. 
cratsegella  Clem. 
propinquinella  sp.  nov. 
incanella  Wlsm. 
populiella  Cham. 
sexnotella  Cham. 
seriferella  Clem. 
obsoleta  Frey  and  Boll. 
argentinotella  Clem. 
occitanica  Frey  and  Boll. 
apicinigrella  sp.  nov. 
basistrigella  Clem. 
celtisella  Cham. 
lucetiella  Clem. 
symphoricarpella  Cham. 
ostensackenella  Fitch. 
tritaenianella  Cham. 
affinis  Frey  and  Boll. 


mariseella  Cham. 
tiliacella  Cham. 
oregonensis  Wlsm. 
fragile! la  Frey  and  Boll. 
salicifoliella  Clem. 
tremuloidiella  Braun. 
celtifoliella  Cham. 
?  lysimachieeella  Cham. 

§     2 

gaultheriella  Wlsm. 
nernoris  Wlsm. 
caryaefoliella  Clem. 
lentella  sp.  nov. 
saccharella  Braun. 
macrocarpella  Frey  and  Boll. 
cincinnatiella  Cham. 
hamadryad  el  la  Clem. 
umbel!  nla  rise  Wlsm. 
agrifoliella  Braun. 
conglomeratella  Zell. 
u  Ira  el  la  Cham. 
quercivorella  Cham. 
mediodorsella  sp.  nov. 
austral isella  Cham. 
chambersella  Wlsm. 
cervina  Wlsm. 
platan oidiel  la  Braun. 
fletcherella  sp.  nov. 
arcuella  Braun. 
betulivora  Wlsm. 
eppelsheiraii  Frey  and  Boll. 
bethunella  Cham. 
fasciella  Wlsm. 
castaneseella  Cham. 
guttifinitella  Clem. 
obstrictella  Clem. 
corylisella  Cham. 
sesculisella  Cham. 
ostryarelia  Cham. 
aceriella  Clem. 
hamameliella  Busck. 
tubiferella  Clem. 

Porphyrosela  new  subg. 
desmodiella  Clem. 

CreuiHStobombycin  new  subg. 
grindeliella  Wlsm. 
solidaginis  Frey  and  Boll. 
ambrosiella  Cham. 
ignota  Frey  and  Boll. 
verbesinella  Busck. 


TBAN6.  AM.  KNT.  8OC..  XXXIV. 


DECEMBER,  1908. 


356 


AMERICAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 


INDEX  OF  SPECIES. 

Italicized  names  are  synonyms,  or  refer  to  European  species  formerly  included 

in  our  fauna. 


aceriella  Clem.,  323,  327,  346,  347. 
actinomeridis  F.  and  B.,  353,  354. 
senigmatella  F.  and  B.,  310. 
seriferella  Clem.,  275,  305. 
sesculella  Riley,  344. 
sesculisella  Cham.,  323,  344,  345. 
affinis  F.  and  B.,  277,  313. 
agrifoliella  Braun,  322,  331. 
alba notel la  Cham.,  275,  282. 
alni  Wlsm.,  269,  277,  299. 
alnicolella  Wlsm.,  277,  298,  300. 
alniella  Zell.,  270. 
alnivorella  Cham.,  269,  299. 
alternata  Cham.,  329. 
alternatella  Zell.,  329. 
ambrosiella  Cham.,  350,  352. 
amcena  F.  and  B.,  352. 
amorphx  F.  and  B.,  292. 
amorphseella  Cham.,  292. 
amphicarpseella  Cham.,  291. 
arbutusella  sp.  nov.,  275,  285. 
apicinigrella  sp.  nov.,  276,  307. 
arcuella  Braun,  323,  338. 
argentifimbriella  Clem.,  275,  280,  281. 
argentinotella  Clem.,  276,  306,  307,  336. 
atomariella  Zell.,  316,  317. 
auronitens  F.  and  B.,  276,  293. 
australisella  Cham.,  323,  335. 
basistrigella  Clem.,  276,  308. 
bataviella  sp.  nov.,  274,  278. 
bethunella  Cham.,  323,  337,  338,  340. 
bethuniella  Dyar,  340. 
betulivora  Wlsm.,  323,  339. 
blancardella  Fab.,  270,  298,  301,  302. 
bicolorella  Cham.,  332. 
bifasciella  Cham.,  342,  343,  344. 
bifasciella  Wlsm.,  344. 
bolliella  Dyar,  311. 
bostonica  F.  and  B.,  353. 
carysealbella  Cham.,  275,  289. 
carysefoliella  Clem.,  322,  325. 
caryalbella  Wlsm.,  289. 
castaneaeella  Cham.,  323,  341. 
castanella  Wlsm.,  341. 
celtifoliella  Cham.,  274,  310,  319. 


celtisella  Cham.,  276,  309,  310,  319. 
ceriferse  Wlsm.,  342,  343. 
cervina  Wlsm.,  323,  336. 
chambersella  Wlsm.,  323,  336. 
cincinnatiella  Cham.,  322,  328,  329,  331. 
clemensella  Cham.,  275,  280. 
conglomerated  Zell.,  322,  332,  334,  335. 
consimilella  F.  and  B.,  312. 
coryliella  Cham.,  344. 
corylisella  Cham.,  323,  344,  345. 
cratsegella  Clem.,  270,  277,  298,  300,  301, 

302. 

deceptusella  Cham.,  276,  298. 
desmodiella  Clem.,  271,  348,  349. 
diaphanella  F.  and  B..  276,  294. 
elephanlopodella  F.  and  B.,  353,  354. 
eppelsheimii  F.  and  B.,  323,  339. 
faginella  Zell.,  270. 
fasciella  Wlsm.,  323,  341. 
fitchella  Clem.,  274,  275,  277,  288. 
fletcherella  sp.  nov.,  323,  338. 
fragilella  F.  and  B.,  277,  315. 
fuscocostella  Cham.,  281. 
gaultheriella  Wlsm.,  322,  324. 
gernmea  F.  and  B.,  274,  276,  290. 
gregariella  Murtf.,  348,  349. 
grindeliella  Wlsm.,  350. 
guttifinitella  Clem,  323,  342. 
hageni  F.  and  B.,  275,  284. 
hamadryadella  Clem.,  322,  329. 
hamadryella  Dyar,  329. 
hamameliella  Busck,  323,  347. 
hamamelis  347. 
helianthisella  Cham.,  353. 
helianthivorella  Cham.,  353,  354. 
ignota  F.  and  B.,  350,  352,  353,  354. 
incanella  Wlsm.,  276,  302. 
insignis  Wlsm.,  275,  283. 
intermedia  F.  and  B.,  308. 
juglandiella  Clem.,  325. 
kearfottella  Braun,  275,  288. 
leberlella  F.  and  B.,  340. 
ledella  Wlsm.,  277,  296. 
lentella  sp.  nov.,  322,  326. 
leucothorax  Wlsm.,  276,  278. 


ANNETTE    F.    BRAUN. 


357 


longirostrata,  281. 
longistriata  F.  and  B.,  281. 
lucetiella  Clem.,  277,  310. 
lucidicostella  Clem.,  274,  275,  281. 
ludicostella  Eiley,  281. 
lysimachiseella  Cham.,  320. 
macrocarpella  F.  and  B.,  322,  328,  331. 
malimalifoliella  Braun,  276,  300,  301. 
mariseella  Cham.,  277,  313. 
marietta  Riley,  313. 
martiella  sp.  nov.,  276,  290. 
mediodorsella  sp.  nov.,  322,  335. 
minutella  F.  and  B.,  277,  294. 
mirifica  F.  and  B.,  287. 
modesta  F.  and  B.,  333. 
morrisella  Fitch,  274,  276,  291,  292. 
necospinusella  Cham.,  284. 
nemoris  Wlsm.,  322,  324. 
nonfasciella  Cham.,  309. 
obscuricostella  Clem.,  275,  286. 
obsoleta  F.  and  B.,  275,  306. 
obsoletella  Cham.,  306. 
obstrictella  Clem.,  323,  342,  343. 
obtusilobse  F.  and  B.,  332. 
occitanica  F.  and  B.,  276,  307. 
olivaeformis  sp.  nov.,  275,  289. 
oregonensis  Wlsm.,  277,  314. 
ornatella  Cham.,  311. 
ostensackenella  Fitch,  271, 273, 277, 311. 
ostrysefoliella  Clem.,  275,  286. 
ostryarella  Cham.,  323,  344,  345. 
platanoidiella  Braun,  323,  337. 
populiella  Cham.,  276,  303,  318. 
propinquinella  sp.  nov.,  277,  302. 
pseudacaciella  Fitch,  292. 
pusillifoUella  F.  and  B.,  309. 
quercialbella  Fitch,  274,  279,  280. 


quercibella  Cham.,  279. 
quercifoliella  Fitch,  277. 
quercipulchella  Cham.,  279. 
quercipulchrella  Eiley,  279. 
quercitorum  F.  and  B.,  277. 
quercivorella  Cham.,  322,  334,  335. 
quinquenotella  Cham.,  336. 
rileyella  Cham.,  275,  287. 
robiniella  Clem.,  275,  291,  292. 
saccharella  Braun,  322,  327,  346. 
salicifoliella  Clem.,  274,  316,  318. 
salicivorella  Braun,  276,  297. 
scudderella  F.  and  B.,  276,  295,  296. 
sexnotella  Cham.,  275,  304,  305. 
solidaginis  F.  and  B.,  271,  350,  351. 
solidaginisella  Cham.,  351. 
subaureola  F.  and  B.,  282,  283. 
symphoricarpella  Cham.,  277,  311. 
symphoricarpella  F.  and  B.,  311. 
tenuistrigata  F.  and  B.,  287. 
texanella  Zell.,  291. 
tiliseella  Cham.,  314. 
tiliacella  Cham.,  277,  314. 
tiliella  Wlsm.,  314. 
toxicodendri  F.  and  B.,  342. 
tremuloidiella  Braun,  274,  317. 
trifasciella  F.  and  B.,  315. 
trinotella  Braun,  274,  279. 
tritsenianella  Cham.,  277,  312,  313. 
tritseniella,  312. 

tubiferella  Clem.,  323,  347,  348. 
uhlerella  Fitch,  274,  276,  291,  292. 
ulmella  Cham.,  322,  333,  334,  335. 
umbellularise  Wlsm.,  322,  330,  332. 
unifasciella  Cham.,  341. 
verbesinella  Busck,  350,  354. 
virginiella  Cham.,  286,  313. 


ERRATA. 

Page  289,  line  9  from  the  top,  read  golden  instead  of  golded. 

Page  291,  line  3  from  the  bottom,  read  Argyromiges  instead  of  Argyromigea. 

Page  294,  line  17  from  the  top,  read  follow  two  very  small  instead  of  follow  very  small. 

Page  296,  last  word  of  line  2  from  the  bottom,  should  be  anal  instead  of  and. 

Page  301,  line  26  from  the  top,  read  almost  instead  of  also. 

Page.  336,  line  4  from  the  bottom,  read  is  instead  of  in. 


TEA.NS.  AM.  ENT.  SOC.,  XXXIV. 


DECEMBER,  1908. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XX. 


1.  Venation  of  Lithocolletis  hageni. 

2.  "  "             "            lucidicostetta. 

3.  "  "             "            robiniella. 

4.  "  hamadryadella. 

5.  "  "                          conglomeratella. 

6.  "  "    Cremastobombycia  solidaginis. 

7.  "  "                                   ignota. 

8.  "  "    Porphyrosela  desmodiella. 

9.  Head  of  Lithocolletis  lucidicostetta. 

10.  Flat  larva,  L.  agrifoliella. 

11.  Cylindrical  larva,  L,  lucidicostella. 

12.  Mine  and  cocoon  of  L.  conglomeratella. 

13.  "  "            "     C.  solidaginis. 


Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol  XXXIV. 


PI.  XX. 


BRAUN  ON   LITHOCOLLETIS. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XXI. 

1.  Lithocolletis  fitchella  Clem. 

2.  "  leucothorax  Wlsm.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

3.  ''  bataviella  sp.  nov.,  type. 

4.  "  trinotella  Braun,  type,  coll.  W.  D.  Kearfott. 

5.  "  quercialbella  Fitch. 

6.  "  clemensella  Cham. 

7.  "  argentifimbriella  Clem. 

8.  "  Incidicostella  Clem. 

9.  "  albanotella  Cham. 

10.  "  insignis  Wlsm.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

11.  hageni  Frey  and  Boll. 

12.  "  arbutusella  sp.  nov.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

13.  "  obscuricostella  Clem. 

14.  "  ostrysefoliella  Clem. 

15.  "  rileyella  Cham.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

16.  "  kearfottella  Braun,  type. 

17.  carytealbella  Cham.,  type,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool. 

18.  "  olivseformis  sp.  nov.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

19.  "  marliella  sp.  nov.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

20.  "  gemmea  F.  and  B.,  type,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool. 

21.  "  morrisella  Fitch. 

22.  "  uhlerella  Fitch. 

23.  "  robiniella  Clem. 

24.  "  auronitens  F.  and  B.,  type,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool. 


Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XXXIV. 


PI.  XXI. 


:'    • 


10 


13 


16 


* 


1H 


/.<> 


BRAUN  ON   LITHOCOLLETIS. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XXII. 

1.  Lithocolletis  diaphanella  F.  and  B. 

2.  "  scudderella  F.  and  B. 

3.  '•  ledella  Wlsm.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

4.  "  salicivorella  Braun,  type,  coll.  W.  D.  Kearfott. 

5.  " '  deceptusella  Cham.,  type,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool. 

6.  u  aJnicolella  Wlsm.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

7.  "  malimalifolieUa  Braun,  type. 

8.  "  cratsegella  Clem. 

9.  propinquinella  sp.  nov.,  type. 

10.  "  ineandla  Wlsm.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

11.  "  populiella  Cham. 

12.  "  sexnotella  Cham. 

13.  "  seriferella  Clem. 

14.  "  obsoleta  F.  and  B.,  type,  Mus.  Comp.  Zool. 

15.  "  argentinotella  Clem. 

16.  "  apicinigrella  sp.  nov.,  cotype,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

17.  "  basistrigella  Clem. 

18.  "  celtisella  Cham. 

19.  "  lucetiella  Clem. 

20.  "  symphoricarpeUa  Cham. 

21.  "  ostensadcenella  Fitch. 

22.  "  tritsenianella  Cham. 

23.  "  mariseella  Cham. 

24.  "  tiliacella  Cham. 


Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XXXIV. 


PI.  XXII. 


10 


n 


I    ' 


n 


13 


14 


IS 


16 


n 


BRAUN  ON   LITHOCOLLETIS. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XXIII. 

1.  Lithocolletis  fragilella  F.  and  B. 

2.  salicifoliella  Clem. 
3. 

4.  tremuloidiella  Braun,  type. 

5.  "  cdtifoliella  Cham. 

6.  .      "          gaultheriella  Wlsm. 

7.  "          nemoris  Wlsm.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M, 

8.  carysefoliella  Clem. 

9.  lentella  sp.  nov.,  cotype. 

10.  "          saccharella  Braun,  type. 

11.  macrocarpella  F.  and  B. 

12.  cincinnatiella  Cham. 

13.  hamadryadella  Clem. 

14.  "          umbellularise  Wlsm.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

15.  "  agrifoliella  Braun,  type. 

16.  conglomeratella  Zell. 

17.  ulmella  Cham. 

18.  quercivorella  Cham. 

19.  "          mediodorsella  sp.  uov.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

20.  "          australisella  Cham.,  type,  Mus.  Com  p.  Zool. 

21.  chambersella  Wlsm.,  type.  Mus.  Cornp.  Zool. 

22.  "          cervina  Wlsm.,  type,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

23.  platanoidiella  Braun,  type. 

24.  fletcherella  sp.  nov.,  type. 


Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XXXIV. 


PI.  XXIII, 


^ 


11 


16 


J.F.B. 


I 


20 


24 


BRAUN  ON   LITHOCOLLETIS. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XXIV. 

1.  Lithocolletis  arcuella  Braun,  type. 

2.  "  betulivora  Wlsm. 

3.  "  bethunella  Cham. 

4.  "  fasciella  Wlsm. 

5.  "  castaneseella  Cham. 

6.  "  guttifinitetta  Clem. 

7.  ''  obstrictella  Clem. 

8.  "  corylisella  Cham. 

9.  "  sesculisella  Cham. 

10.  "  ostryarella  Cham. 

11.  "  aceriella  Clem. 

12.  "  hamameliella  Busck. 

13.  "  tubiferella  Clem. 

14.  Porphyrosela  desmodiella  Clem. 
15. 

16.  Cremastobombycia  grindeliella  Wlsm. 

17.  •'  solidaginis  F.  and  B. 
18                 "  ambrosiella  Cham. 
19.                 "                ignota  F.  and  B. 

20. 

21.  "  verbesinella  Busck,  type  U.  S.  N.  M. 

22.  "  grindeliella  Wlsm. 

23.  Lithocolletis  apidnigrella  sp.  nov.,  cotype. 

24.  "          salicifoliella  Clem,  (atomariella  Zell.). 


Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XXXIV. 


PI.  XXIV. 


10 


FT 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


m 


19  \  20 


J.F.B. 


2,2 


••' 


23 


24 


BRAUN  ON   LITHOCOLtETl^..  ..    ;  ...  .. 


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